Chapter 13 Flashcards
Nervous system subcategories
CNS
PNS
CNS subcategories
Brain
Spinal cord
PNS
transmits impulses between CNS to the rest of the body
PNS subcategories
motor neurons
sensory neurons
Motor neurons subcategories
somatic (voluntary)
autonomic (involuntary)
Autonomic system subcategories
sympathetic (fight or flight, adrenergic receptors alpha and beta)
parasympathetic (rest and digest, cholinergic receptors muscaranic and nicitinic)
Sympathetic division
“fight or flight’
Stressful activity
preparation-increased HR and BP,dilated pupils and bronchioles, decreased peristalsis and U.O
Parasympathetic division
“rest and digest”
releasing acetylcholine (Ach)
receptors are cholinergic
Sympathetic-neurotransmitter
epinephrine and norepinephrine
receptors are adrenergic
Adrenergic receptors
Alpha 1, 2
Beta 1, 2
A Boy Has Kicking Legs
Alpha 1
Arterioles
constrict blood vessels, dilate pupils
Treats: low BP, nasal congestion, eye exams
Alpha 2
Brain
inhibit
norepinephrine
lower BP
Beta 1
Heart, Kidneys:
increase HR, contractions, increase renin
Treats: cardiac arrest, heart failure, shock
Beta 2
Lungs
Inhibits smooth muscle leading to bronchodilation
Treats: asthma, premature labor
Dopamine receptors
found all over the body
movement, boost emotional response, boost pleasure, reduce pain
Nicotinic receptors at the ganglion
resemble those in tobacco increase HR, and BP, increase motility in GI tract
few pharmacologic applications
Muscarinic receptors post ganglion
classic parasympathetic s/s “flu”
many drugs affect these receptors
Norepinephrine
released by adrenergic nerves
increase HR, Pupils, BP, Bronchi, BS
decreased UO and GI
Acetylcholine
released by cholinergic nerves
decreased HR, Pupils, BP, Bronchi
increased U.O, GI
Adrenergic agents
AKA sympathetomimetic
stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system
“Fight or flight”
Adrenergic-blocking agents
AKA adrenergic antagonists inhibition of the sympathetic nervous system
Sympatholytic
Cholinergic agents
parasympathomimetics
stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system
“Rest & digest”
Cholinergic-blocking agents
parasympatholytics or muscarinic blockers
inhibition of the parasympathetic nervous system
Anticholinergic
Sympathomimetics adverse effects
tachycardia, hypertension, tremors, dizziness, dysrhythmias, urinary retention, anorexia
Sympathomimetics nursing considerations
frequently assess VS, skin color & integrity, capillary refill, and urine output
Anticholinergic agents
Inhibit parasympathetic impulses
Compete with acetylcholine for binding muscarinic receptors
Anticholinergic Therapeutic uses
Causes sympathetic nervous system activation to dominate
GI disorders, ophthalmic procedures, cardiac rhythm abnormalities, preanesthesia, asthma
