Chapter 36

Question 1

Characteristics of Viruses

Answer 1

non living

intra-cellular

Question 2

treating viral infections

Answer 2

most do not need tx (common cold)

HIV and Herpes need tx

Question 3

HIV interacts with what?

Answer 3

interacts with CD4 and T cells

Question 4

HIV progression time

Answer 4

primary infection (3-6 weeks)
Viral dissemination (1-3 months) decreased CD4
HIV antibodies (1-2 weeks)

Question 5

Normal T4 level

Answer 5

600-1200

Question 6

AIDS PT T4 levels

Answer 6

0-250

Question 7

Late AIDS Complications

Answer 7

dementia

decreased coordination

Question 8

Mycobacterium Avium (MAC)

Answer 8

most common cause of infection by non tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) in patients with AIDS

Question 9

Cytomegalovirus (CMV)

Answer 9

Herpes virus family
Transmitted through blood, sexual contact, organ transplants
Dangerous for neonates, immune compromised

Question 10

CMV Treatment

Answer 10

Ganciclovir

Question 11

Ganciclovir side effect

Answer 11

thrombocytopenia

Question 12

Protozoal Infections

Answer 12

Toxoplasmosis
Isosporiasis
Leishmaniasis
Giardia lamblia

Question 13

Protozoal Infections tx

Answer 13

metronidazole (Flagyl) and iodoquinol (Yodoxin)

Question 14

Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI)

Answer 14

stop HIV copying its genes into the cell

Question 15

Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI)

Answer 15

disable the enzyme that controls HIV gene copying process

Question 16

Protease inhibitors (PI)

Answer 16

disable protease to keep from forming new HIV

Question 17

Fusion entry inhibitors

Answer 17

bind to the proteins on the outside of the HIV virus and stop it from entering the target cell

Question 18

Fusion Inhibitors (Fuzeon) action

Answer 18

Tx of HIV

binds to viral particles & prevent adhesion to CD4 cells

Question 19

Fusion Inhibitors (Fuzeon) mode of administration

Answer 19

SQ injection

injection site reactions common

Question 20

HIV Pregnancy Guidelines

Answer 20

2/3 reduction in prenatal transmission if ZDV started in the 13th week and IV during labor and delivery and to neonate for 6 - 8 weeks

Question 21

When to give HIV tx (CD4T levels)

Answer 21

CD4T lymphocytes >500= no tx
CD4T lymphocytes 200-500 + viral load 10,000 to 20,000 =start tx
if PT has infection despite levels, start tx

Question 22

Herpes Virus tx

Answer 22

Oral antiviral therapy given for 7 to 10 days

Topical forms of several antivirals are available

Question 23

antiviral ending

Answer 23

“vir”

Question 24

acyclovir (Zovirax)

Answer 24

herpes tx

Question 25

acyclovir (Zovirax) adverse effects

Answer 25

nephrotoxicity is possible when medication is given IV

Question 26

Drugs for Hepatitis

Answer 26

Interferon alpha-2b (Intron A)

ribavirin (Rebetol