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EMT - Basic - Prehostpital Emergency Care 10th Edition > Chapter 37 - Obstetrics and Care of the Newborn > Flashcards

Chapter 37 - Obstetrics and Care of the Newborn Flashcards

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1
Q

the female gonads or sex glands. there are two, one on each side of the uterus, in the upper portion of the pelvic cavity.

A

ovaries

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2
Q

thin, flexible structures that extend from the uterus to the ovaries. also called the uterine tubes.

A

fallopian tubes

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3
Q

responsible for secreting the hormones estrogen and progesterone and for development and release of the mature egg necessary for reproduction.

A

ovary

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4
Q

the mature egg that is released from the ovary each month is referred to as the _______.

A

ovum

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5
Q

______ and _____ are hormones that prepare the uterus for implantation of a fertilized ovum and maintain the uterus during pregnancy

A

estrogen and progesterone

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6
Q

an organ of the female reproductive system for containing and nourishing the embryo and fetus from the time the fertilized egg is implanted to the time of birth

A

uterus

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7
Q

the child in the uterus form the third month of pregnancy to birth: prior to that time it is called an embryo

A

fetus

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8
Q

the neck of the uterus

A

cervix

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9
Q

a plug of mucus that seals the uterine opening during pregnancy, preventing contamination from entering the uterus. the plug is discharged when the cervix starts to dilate, or open, and appears as pink tinged mucus in the vaginal discharge. the expulsion of the plug signals the first stage of labor and is known as the _______.

A

bloody show

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10
Q

the placenta and other tissues that are expelled after the delivery of the fetus

A

afterbirth

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11
Q

the fetal organ through which the fetus exchanges nourishment and waste products during pregnancy

A

placenta

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12
Q

an extension of the placenta through which the fetus receives nourishment while in the uterus

A

umbilical cord

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13
Q

a thin, transparent membrane that forms the sac that holds the fetus suspended in amniotic fluid

A

amniotic sac

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14
Q

the passageway through which the fetus is delivered. the lower part of the birth canal.

A

vagina

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15
Q

the top portion of the uterus is referred to as the ______, the middle portion is the _____ or _____, and the narrow tapered neck is the ____.

A

fundus

body or corpus

cervix

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16
Q

the uterine wall is made up of three layers:

A

endometrium

myometrium

perimetrium

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17
Q

the inner most lining of the uterus. estrogen and progesterone build up in the lining for implantation of a fertilized ovum. if ovum in not fertilized or does not implant, the lining is shed during the menstrual period.

A

endometrium

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18
Q

thick middle layer of smooth muscle in the uterus. the smooth muscle contracts from the fundus downard during labor to expel the fetus.

A

myometrium

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19
Q

a serous membrane that partially covers the corpus of the uterus

A

perimetrium

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20
Q

wavelike movement from muscular contraction

A

peristalsis

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21
Q

the umbilical cord contains one vein and two arteries in a spiral arrangement that is covered by a protective substance called ________.

A

wharton jelly

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22
Q

the first 14 days after conception are called the ________ stage

A

pre-embryonic

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23
Q

the _______ stage is from day 15 to 8 weeks

A

embryonic

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24
Q

the ______ stage begins at 8 weeks and ends with the delivery of the baby.

A

fetal

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25
Q

pregnancy is also referred to as _________

A

gestation

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26
Q

age that refers to the age of the fetus in weeks from the time of fertilization of the ovum through delivery

A

gestational age

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27
Q

each 3-month period of the approximately 9-month pregnancy is referred to as a ________

A

trimester

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28
Q

first trimester:

months

weeks

A

1-3 mo

1-12 weeks

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29
Q

second trimester:

months

weeks

A

4-6mo

13-27 weeks

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30
Q

third trimester:

months

weeks

A

7-9 mo

28-40 weeks

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31
Q

the period of pregnancy prior to the onset of labor

A

antepartum

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32
Q

delivery of the fetus and placenta before the fetus is viable (before it can live on its own). viability is usually considered to begin after the 20th week of pregnancy.

A

spontaneous abortion or miscarriage

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33
Q

s/s:

cramplike lower abd pain similar to labor

moderate to severe vag bleeding

passage of tissue of blood clots

A

spontaneous abortion

34
Q

abnormal implantation of the placenta over or near the opening of the cervix (the os)

A

placenta previa

35
Q

there are three types of placenta previa:

A

total

partial

marginal

36
Q

type of placenta previa where the placenta completely covers the os. blocking the birth canal and can prevent delivery of the baby. as the cervix dilates and effaces (thins), significant bleeding may occur.

A

total placenta previa

37
Q

type of placenta previa where the placenta covers the os of the cervix partially, but not completely. may still obstruct the delivery of the baby.

A

partial placenta previa

38
Q

type of placenta previa where the placenta is implanted near the neck of the cervix. when the cervix effaces (thins) and dilates, it may cause the placenta to partially tear.

A

marginal placenta previa

39
Q

separation of the placenta in abruptio placentae causes two major problems:

A

poor gas, nutrient, and waste exchange between fetus and placenta

severe maternal blood loss

40
Q

s/s:
vag bleeding w/ constant abd pain

abd pain due to muscle spasms of the uterus

pain may be in lower back

uterine contractions are usually present

abd is tender on palpation

vag bleeding may be sever, minimal or absent depending on the location of the head of the fetus

s/s of hypovolemic shock present

A

abruptio placentae

41
Q

a pregnancy in which the fetus develops outside the uterus, typically in a Fallopian tube.

A

ectopic pregnancy

42
Q

Seizures that occur during a woman’s pregnancy or shortly after giving birth.

A

eclampsia

43
Q

A potentially dangerous pregnancy complication characterized by high blood pressure.

A

preeclampsia

44
Q

blood pressure in a pregnant woman that is greater than 140/90 mmHg on two or more occasions at 6 hrs apart.

A

pregnancy-induced hypertension

45
Q

typically a third-trimester complication that occurs when the weight of the fetus compresses the inferior vena cava when the pt is in a supine position

A

supine hypotenstive syndrome

46
Q

refers to pregnancy

A

gravida

47
Q

refers to a woman who has given birth

A

para

48
Q

normal labor can be divided into three stages:

A

dilation

expulsion

placental

49
Q

intermittent weak contractions of the uterus occurring during pregnancy.

A

braxton-hicks contractions

50
Q

stage of labor from the beginning of contractions to complete cervical dilation. during this first and longest stage, the cervix becomes fully dilated at 10cm, which allows the infants head to progress from the body of the uterus to the birth canal.

A

first stage: dilation

51
Q

stage of labor from complete cervical dilation to delivery of the baby. during this stage, the infant moves through the vagina (the birth canal) and is born.

A

stage two: expulsion

52
Q

the area of skin between the vagina and the anus

A

perineum

53
Q

the stage in delivery when the fetal head presents at the vagina

A

crowning

54
Q

stage of labor from that begins following the delivery of the baby and ends with the expulsion of the placenta. during this stage, the placenta separates from the uterine wall and is expelled from the uterus.

A

third stage: placental

55
Q

There are three cases in which you must assist in the delivery of the infant:

A

If you have no suitable transportation

If the hospital or physician cannot be reached due to bad weather, a natural disaster, or some other kind of catastrophe

If delivery is imminent

56
Q

When the umbilical cord is around the infants neck, it’s referred to as a __________.

A

Nuchal cord

57
Q

the dark green substance forming the first feces of a newborn infant.

A

Meconium

58
Q

A naturally occurring hormone that is released from the posterior pituitary gland. It causes the smooth muscle of the uterus to contract and tone up. Toning the uterine muscle will cause the vessels to constrict, and the bleeding will cease.

A

Oxytocin

59
Q

The period of time from the onset of labor to the delivery of the infant

A

Intrapartum

60
Q

After the amniotic sac ruptures, the umbilical cord rather than the head, may be the first part presenting at the vaginal opening. This is called a _________.

A

Prolapsed cord

61
Q

the period of time from the onset of labor to the actual delivery of the neonate.

A

intrapartum

62
Q

when the umbilical cord, rather than the head of the fetus, is the first part to protrude from the vagina

A

prolapsed cord

63
Q

a common abnormality of delivery in which the fetal buttocks or both lower extremities are low in the uterus and are the first to be delivered

A

breech birth

64
Q

when one are or one leg is the first to protrude from the birth canal, it is considered a __________.

A

limb presentation

65
Q

when amniotic fluid changes from a clear fluid to a greenish or brownish yellow. which is an indication that the fetus experienced a hypoxic event

A

meconium staining

66
Q

an infant weighting less than 5 lbs, or an infant born before its 38th week of development, is defined as a ______.

A

premature infant

67
Q

gestation of the fetus that extends beyond 42 weeks.

A

posttern

68
Q

condition that occurs during pregnancy when gestation of the fetus extends beyond 42 weeks, leading to reduced oxygen and nutrient delivery to the fetus. at which point the placenta begins to decline

A

postmaturity syndrome

69
Q

birth of the fetus after less than 3 hrs of labor

A

precipitous delivery

70
Q

labor that occurs after the 20th but prior to the 37th week of gestation

A

preterm labor

71
Q

spontaneous rupture of the amniotic sac prior to the onset of true labor and before the end of the 37th week.

A

premature rupture of membranes (PROM)

72
Q

abnormal delivery when the fetal shoulders are larger than the fetal head and the head delivers but the shoulders are caught between the symphysis pubis and the sacrum

A

shoulder dystocia

73
Q

position of mother during shoulder dystocia where she lies on her back with her knees drawn up as close to her chest as possible which move the sympysis pubis anteriorly and superiorly and drops the sacrum, creating a larger opening for delivery of the shoulders

A

McRobert positioning

74
Q

refers to the period following delivery

A

postpartum

75
Q

true labor contractions

intervals/duration

A

2- to 3- minute intervals

30-90 second duration

76
Q

the loss of greater than 500mL of blood following delivery of the infant. the most common cause if failure of the uterus to regain its muscle tone.

A

postpartum hemorrhage

77
Q

apgar score - appearance

0

1

2

A

0 - cyanotic/pale

1 - blue hands/feet with pink core

2 - extremities/trunk pink

78
Q

apgar score - pulse

0

1

2

A

0 - no pulse

1 - hr under 100

2 - hr over 100

79
Q

apgar score - grimace (reflex irritability)

0

1

2

A

0 - no reflexive activity to stimulation

1 - only some facial grimace

2 - stimulation causes grimace and cough, sneeze, or cry

80
Q

what does APGAR stand for

A

appearance

pulse

grimace

activity

respiration

81
Q

apgar score - activity

0

1

2

A

0 - limp

1 - some flexion

2 - actively moving

82
Q

apgar score - respiration

0

1

2

A

0 - no resp effort

1 - slow or irregular breathing

2 - good resp/strong cry

EMT - Basic - Prehostpital Emergency Care 10th Edition (44 decks)

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