Chapter 30 - Musculoskeletal Trauma and Nontraumatic Frectures

Question 1

the functions of the muscularskeletal system are:
1
2
3
4
5

Answer 1

give the body shape
protect internal organs
provide for movement
store salts and other materials for metabolism
produce red blood cells

Question 2

three kinds of muscle:

Answer 2

cardiac
voluntary (skeletal)
involuntary (smooth)

Question 3

connect the muscle to the bone

Answer 3

tendons

Question 4

connect bone to bone

Answer 4

ligaments

Question 5

a strong, smooth, flexible, compressible, and slippery substance found at the point of articulation of two bones. allows the bones to ride over each other during movement with relatively little friction.

Answer 5

cartilage

Question 6

bending motion that moves the extremity toward the body

Answer 6

flexion

Question 7

bending motion that moves the extremity away from the body

Answer 7

extension

Question 8

movement of a body part toward the midline of the body

Answer 8

adduction

Question 9

movement of a body part away from the midline of the body

Answer 9

abduction

Question 10

turning along the axis of the bone or joint

Answer 10

rotation

Question 11

movement through an arc of a circle or in a circular motion from a central point

Answer 11

circumduction

Question 12

skeletal systems 6 basic components

Answer 12

skull
thorax
pelvis
upper extremities
lower extremities
spine

Question 13

the axial skeletal system is composed of:

Answer 13

head
thorax
spine

Question 14

the appendicular skeletal system is made up of:

Answer 14

bones in extremities
including:
shoulder girdle and pelvis

Question 15

bones of upper extremity:
which consists of:
shoulder girdle
arm
forearm
hand

Answer 15

clavicle
scapula
humerus 
radius
ulna
carpal
metacarpals
phalanges

Question 16

bones of the lower extremity:
which consists of:
pelvis
thigh
leg
foot

Answer 16

pelvis (including ilium, ischium, and pubis)
femur
patella
tibia
fibula
calcaneus
tarsals
metatarsals
phalanges

Question 17

a break in the continuity of a bone

Answer 17

fracture

Question 18

s/s
pain
tenderness
deformity
discoloration
tingling or abnormal sensation; may be nerve injury
loss of feeling; may be nereve injury
weakness; may be nereve injury
loss of muscle control; may be nereve injury
inability to move the extremity
decreased pulse amplitude, increased cap refill

Answer 18

fracture

Question 19

degenerative bone disorder associated with an accelerated loss of minerals, primarily calcium, from the bone.

Answer 19

osteoporosis

Question 20

an injury to a muscle or a muscle and tendon, possibly caused by overextension, or overstretching.

Answer 20

strain

Question 21

an injury to a joint capsule, with damage to or tearing of the connective tissue, and usually involves ligaments.

Answer 21

sprain

Question 22

the displacement of a bone from its normal position in a joint.

Answer 22

dislocation

Question 23

a force that causes injury some distance away from the point of impact

Answer 23

indirect force

Question 24

direct blow.

Answer 24

direct force

Question 25

a force that twists a bone while one end is held stationary

Answer 25

twisting force

Question 26

when assessing an extremity for the possibility of a fracture or dislocation, remember to evaluate the six P’s:

Answer 26

pain
pallor
paralysis
paresthesia (numbness)
pressure
pulses

Question 27

a condition in which increased tissue pressure in a confined space causes decreased blood flow, leading to hypoxia and possible muscle, nerve, and vessel impairment, which may be permanent if the cells die

Answer 27

compartment syndrome