Chapter 28 - Bleeding and Soft Tissue Trauma

Question 1

the severity of blood loss in dependent on several variables:

1

2

3

4

5

Answer 1

amount of blood loss

rate of blood loss

other injuries or existing conditions

pt existing medical problems

pt age

Question 2

classes of hemmorhage:

class I

amount of blood loss

HR

vasoconstriction

ventilatory rate

systolic bp

pulse pressure

skin

Answer 2

BL

Question 3

classes of hemmorhage:

class II

amount of blood loss

HR

vasoconstriction

ventilatory rate

systolic bp

pulse pressure

skin

Answer 3

BL 15-30%

HR up up

VC up up

vent rate up

sBP norm

pp narrow

skin pale, cool, and clammy

Question 4

classes of hemmorhage:

class III

amount of blood loss

HR

vasoconstriction

ventilatory rate

systolic bp

pulse pressure

skin

Answer 4

BL 30-40%

HR up up up

VC up up up

vent rate up up

sBP down

pp narrow

skin severely pale and cool

Question 5

classes of hemmorhage:

class IV

amount of blood loss

HR

vasoconstriction

ventilatory rate

systolic bp

pulse pressure

skin

Answer 5

BL >40%

HR up up up up or down

VC up up up up or down down

vent rate up up up

sBP down down down

pp very narrow or wide

skin severely pale, cold, mottled

Question 6

bleeding type - bright red, spurting blood from a wound that usually indicated a severed or damaged artery

Answer 6

arterial bleeding

Question 7

bleeding type - dark red blood that flows steadily from a wound that usually indicates a severed or damaged vein

Answer 7

venous bleeding

Question 8

bleeding type - slowly oozing blood that is dark or intermediate color of red that usually indicates damaged capillaries

Answer 8

capillary bleeding

Question 9

two types of homeostatic agents:

Answer 9

dressing or powder

Question 10

Epistaxis

Answer 10

Nosebleed

Question 11

The two most common sources of internal bleeding are ________ or ______.

Answer 11

Injured or damaged internal organs and fractured extremities, especially femur and pelvis

Question 12

Factors that may interfere with the clotting process and lead to an increase in the rate of bleeding or the amount of blood lost:

Answer 12

Movement

Low body temp

Medications

Intravenous fluids

Removal of dressings and bandages

Question 13

a wound in which there is no break in the continuity of the skin is called a _______.

Answer 13

closed injury

Question 14

an injury to the tissue and blood vessels contained within the dermis; or bruise.

Answer 14

contusion

Question 15

black and blue discoloration associated with a contusion that occurs when the red blood cells in the blood that has leaked out of the capillary or vessel become deoxygenated

Answer 15

ecchymosis

Question 16

a closed injury to the soft tissues characterized by swelling and discoloration caused by a mass of blood beneath the epidermis.

Answer 16

hematoma

Question 17

an open or closed injury in which high-pressure forces cause serious damage to underlying soft tissues with internal bleeding, resulting in possible hemorrhagic shock

Answer 17

crush injury

Question 18

an injury in which the continuity of the skin is broken.

Answer 18

open injury

Question 19

6 general types of open injuries:

Answer 19

abrasions, lacerations, avulsions, amputations, penetrations/punctures, and crash injuries.

Question 20

an open injury to the outermost layer of the skin caused by a scraping away, rubbing, or shearing away of the tissue.

Answer 20

abrasion

Question 21

an open injury characterized by a loose flap of skin and soft tissue that has been torn loose or pulled completely off.

Answer 21

avulsion

Question 22

an open injury caused by the ripping or tearing away of a limb, body part, or organ.

Answer 22

amputation

Question 23

an open injury usually caused by forceful impact with a sharp object and characterized by a wound whose edges may be linear (smooth and regular) or stellate (jagged and irregular) in appearance; a wound that penetrates the brain

Answer 23

laceration

Question 24

an open injury caused by a sharp, pointed object being pushed into the soft tissues

Answer 24

penetration/punctures

Question 25

an injury in which a part of the body is caught or strangled by some piece of machinery

Answer 25

clamping injury

Question 26

an air- and water-tight trauma dressing used in first aid. These dressings are generally made with a waxy coating so as to provide a total seal, and as a result do not have the absorbent properties of gauze pads.

Answer 26

occlusive dressing

Question 27

a protrusion of organs from a wound

Answer 27

evisceration