Chapter 21 - Anaphylactic Reactions

Question 1

a reactive release of chemical mediators that produce bronchoconstriction, vasodilation, capillary permeability, and increased mucus production leading to airway and resp compromise and hypoperfusion

Answer 1

anaphylactic reaction - anaphylaxis

Question 2

a shock (hypoperfusion) state that results from dilated and leaking blood vessels related to severe allergic reaction

Answer 2

anaphylactic shock

Question 3

the bodys defense mechanism against invasion by foreign substances

Answer 3

immune system

Question 4

a foreign substance that enters the body and triggers an immune response

Answer 4

antigen

Question 5

a substance (antigen) that enters the body by ingestion, injection, inhalation, or absorption and triggers an allergic reaction

Answer 5

allergen

Question 6

production of antibodies by the immune system to fight off invasion by foreign substances

Answer 6

immune response

Question 7

a misdirected and excessive response by the immune system to a foreign substance or an allergen.

Answer 7

allergic reaction

Question 8

special proteins produced by the immune system that search out antigens and combine with and help to destroy them

Answer 8

antibodies

Question 9

a state of altered reactivity to an antigen, or foreign substance, that causes allergic reactions to that substance

Answer 9

hypersensitivity

Question 10

exposure to an allergen that results in hypersensitivity to that allergen

Answer 10

sensitization

Question 11

the primary chemical mediator released from the mast cells in an anaphylactic reaction

Answer 11

histamine

Question 12

a reaction to a foreign substance that resembles an anaphylactic reaction that may occur on first exposure to the substance, without immune system sensitization

Answer 12

anaphylactoid (non-IgE-mediated) reaction

Question 13

the type of antibody that is produced specific to anaphylaxis is called _________

Answer 13

immunoglobin E - abbreviated as IgE

Question 14

the life-threatening signs and symptoms seen in anaphylactic reactions are produced by _____, ______, and ______.

Answer 14

bronchoconstriction
increased capillary permeability
vasodilation

Question 15

an antibody may enter the body by:
1
2
3
4

Answer 15

injection
ingestion
inhalation
contact (absorption)

Question 16

most common causes of anaphylactic reactions are:

Answer 16

venom
food
pollen
meds
exercise
temp
latex

Question 17

generalized feeling of weakness or discomfort

Answer 17

malaise

Question 18

placement of a tube down the trachea to facilitate airflow into the trachea and lungs

Answer 18

endotracheal intubation

Question 19

raised, red blotches associated with allergic and anaphylactic reactions

Answer 19

hives

Question 20

S/S:
rhinitis (stuffy, itchy, runny nose)
tachycardia
pruritus (itching) that is localized or diffuse
faintness or light-headedness
warm, flushed skin (skin can appear pale)
agitation or anxiousness
urticaria (hives)
edema

Answer 20

anaphylaxis

Question 21

the drug of choice for emergency treatment of a systemic allergic reaction to insect stings or bites, foods, drugs, and other antigens.

Answer 21

epinephrine

Question 22

alpha 1

Answer 22

causes vessels to constrict

Question 23

alpha 2

Answer 23

regulates amount of vasoconstriction

Question 24

beta 1

Answer 24

increases HR
force of contraction
and speed of electrical impulses

Question 25

beta 2

Answer 25

causes bronchiole smooth muscle dilation