Chapter 37- Communities And Ecosystems

Question 1

Levels of organization

Answer 1

Organism—population—community—ecosystem

Question 2

Community

Answer 2

All populations of all species in a given location

Question 3

Population

Answer 3

Group of interbreeding organisms of the same species living in the same place

Do not occur as isolated entities

Species interaction is universal

Question 4

Ecosystem

Answer 4

Living and non-living components in an area

Question 5

Habitat

Answer 5

Physical location where an organism lives

Question 6

Niche

Answer 6

How animals fit in their ecosystem

Includes all resources an organism uses for survival, growth and reproduction

Question 7

Organism

Answer 7

Single living individual

Question 8

Competition

Answer 8

Struggle for same limited resources

Occurs when inches overlap

2 species cannot occupy the same niche

Question 9

Predation

Answer 9

One organism consumes another

Question 10

Resource partitioning

Answer 10

Multiple species use the same resources in different ways or at different times

Question 11

Symbiosis

Answer 11

Two or more species living closely together

Mutualism- both organisms benefit

Parasitism- one organism benefits, the other is harmed

Question 12

Species composition and richness

Answer 12

Identity of all organisms in an area and # of different species present

Question 13

Species evenness

Answer 13

Percentage of a community or area that each species occupies

Question 14

High richness and evenness=

Answer 14

High biodiversity (variety)

Question 15

Diversity leads to…

Answer 15

High community productivity (healthier)

High stability (more resilient after disturbances and changes in environmental conditions

Question 16

Trophic levels

Answer 16

Producers- autotrophs
Primary consumers- herbivores
Secondary consumers- eat primary
Tertiary- eat secondary
Quaternary

Question 17

Food webs

Answer 17

Reliable way of portraying energy/nutrient flow

Interconnections between food chains

Question 18

Energy flow through an ecosystem

Answer 18

Flows from one tropic level to the next

Only 10% transferred to the next level

Harmful chemicals may accumulate in higher tropic levels