Chapter 3 - Cells

Question 1

Cell

Answer 1

Smallest unit of life that can function independently

Question 2

Cell theory

Answer 2

• All organisms made of one or more cells
• The cell is the fundamental unit of life
• All cells come from previous cells
• All have the same basic chemical comp
• all cells use energy
• all contain DNA that is passed on as cells divide

Question 3

Two major categories of cells

Answer 3

Prokaryotic and eukaryotic

Question 4

Prokaryotic

Answer 4

Simplest type of cell

Generic material free within the cell

Only capable of simple activities

No membrane bound organelles

All are single celled ex. Bacteria, archaea

Question 5

Eukaryotic

Answer 5

More advanced

Genetic material contained in a membrane bound nucleus

Capable of greater activity

Contains numerous organelles

Uni or multicellular ex. Plants, animals, fungi, protists

Question 6

Plasma membrane and cell wall

Answer 6

Thin, permits exchange with outside environment

Selective permeability

Question 7

Phospholipid bilayer

Answer 7

Two opposite rows of hydrophilic heads with hydrophobic tails

Proteins embedded within to regulate what goes in and out

Question 8

Cell Wall

Answer 8

Outside of the plasma membrane

Only found in plant cells

Protects cell and keeps it from absorbing too much water

Question 9

Cytoplasm

Answer 9

Fluid that fills the inside of the cell

Question 10

Nucleus

Answer 10

DNA found here

Directs cellular activity

Has a nuclear membrane

Question 11

Ribosomes

Answer 11

Site of protein synthesis

Found through the cell and dotting the ER

Question 12

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 12

Assists in synthesis of proteins

Transports proteins

Dotted with ribosomes

Hugs the nucleus

Question 13

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 13

Synthesis of lipids

Transports lipids

Looks like tunnels or coral tubes

Question 14

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 14

Sorting, packaging and distribution of materials

Looks like a long ribbon

“Post office” of the cell

Question 15

Vesicles

Answer 15

Transport of materials produced/received by the ER and golgi

Some dispose of waste

Fuse with lysosomes

Question 16

Lysosomes

Answer 16

Aid in digestion and discharge of unwanted material (ie. bacteria/old cell parts)

Fuse with vesicles

Question 17

Vacuole

Answer 17

Central vacuole (plants)- storage, excretion of water

Food vacuoles (animals and protists)- I take and storage of food

Question 18

Mitochondria

Answer 18

Site of cellular respiration

Powerhouse of the cell

Oxygen and food are used to create energy

Found in plants and animals

Question 19

Chloroplasts

Answer 19

Site of photosynthesis

Contains chlorophyll and other pigments

Plants/algae only

Question 20

Cytoskeleton

Answer 20

Internal framework extending throughout the cytoplasm

Shapes and supports the cell

Important for animal cells with no cell walls

Question 21

Centrosomes

Answer 21

Important in cell division

Pair of centrioles

Question 22

Flagella and Cilia

Answer 22

Extensions from a cell

Cilia are hairlike used for movement and trapping materials

Flagella are whiplike and larger, used for movement