Chapter 2- Basic Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

Matter

A

Everything that takes up space and has mass

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2
Q

Elements

A

Make up all matter, living or non-living

Cannot be broken down into simpler substances with different properties

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3
Q

6 elements that make up 95% or living organisms

A

CHNOPS

Carbon
Hydrogen
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Phosphorus
Sulphur
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4
Q

Atoms

A

Smallest unit of an element that retains the characteristics of that element

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5
Q

3 subatomic particles that make up an atom

A

Protons (+)
Neutrons
Electrons (-)

Persons and neutrons found in nucleus, electrons found in the orbitals

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6
Q

Information obtained from the periodic table

A
Atomic symbol (letter)
Atomic number (#of protons, on top)
Atomic mass (# of + and neutrons)

Mass - atomic # = # of neutrons

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7
Q

Periods vs groups

A
Periods= horizontal
Groups= verticle
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8
Q

Electron arrangement

A

E- orbit nucleus in shells

  • 1st shell holds up to 2 e-
  • 2nd and 3rd hold up to 8 e- each
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9
Q

Valence shell

A

Outermost shell, determines the chemical properties of an atom

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10
Q

Octet rule

A

Atoms whose outer shells are not full interact with other atoms to acquire e-

The loss or gain of e- causes an atom to become charged (ions, + or -)

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11
Q

Compound

A

Combination of 2 or more elements

Tendency to form compounds depends on valence electrons

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12
Q

Chemical bonds

A

When atoms are held close together by attractions

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13
Q

3 types of chemical bonds

A

Ionic, covalent, hydrogen

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14
Q

Ionic bonds

A
  • Transfer of e-
  • Formed btw oppositely charged ions
  • Metals and non metals
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15
Q

Covalent bonds

A
  • sharing of e-
  • strongest of the 3 bonds
  • # that can be created depend on the VE
  • # of bonds is equal to the # of e- needed to fill the outer shell
  • non metals
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16
Q

Polar vs non-polar covalent bonds

A

Non-polar: equal sharing of e-

Polar: unequal sharing of e-, results in a partial charge

17
Q

Isotopes

A

When atoms of an element have the same number of protons but different number of neutrons

Usually unstable and undergo “radioactive decay”