Chapter 37 Flashcards
Alcoholism
Addiction to the drug called alcohol
Biopsychosocial model
The disease concept of addiction and alcoholism identifies them as chronic and progressive diseases in which a person’s use of a drug or drugs continues despite problems it causes in any areas of life– physical, social, emotional, economic, or spiritual
Blood alcohol concentration
The amount of alcohol the liver can metabolize in one hour
Brief interventions
May convince the ATOD abuser or addict to reduce substance consumption or follow through with a treatment referral
Codependency
People in a close relationship with the addict often develop unhealthy coping mechanisms to continue the relationship; a stress-induced preoccupation with the addicted person’s life, leading to extreme dependence and excessive concern with the addict
Cross-tolerance
Methadone, when administered in moderate or high daily doses, produces a cross-tolerance to other opioids, thereby blocking their effects and decreasing the craving for the drug of choice
Denial
A primary symptom of addiction
Detoxification
The clearing of one or more drugs from the person’s body and managing the withdrawal symptoms
Drug addiction
● A pattern of abuse characterized by an overwhelming preoccupation with the use of a drug, securing its supply, and a high tendency to relapse if the drug is removed
Drug dependence
A state of neuroadaptation caused by the chronic, regular administration of a drug; continued use of the drug becomes necessary to prevent withdrawal symptoms
Enabling
The act of shielding or preventing the addict from experiencing the consequences of the addiction
Fetal alcohol syndrome
Females who consume alcohol during pregnancy may reproduce neonates with this
Harm reduction
A public health approach to ATOD problems initially used in Great Britain, the Netherlands, Germany, Switzerland, and Australia, and interest in it is spreading throughout Europe and in Canada
Injection drug users
Are at risk for other health complications
Mainstream smoke
Smoke that is inhaled directly by the smoker
Polysubstance abuse or use
A common occurrence with drug users is taking drugs from different categories together or at different times to regulate how they feel
Prohibition
The United States’ primary solution to various “drug problems”
Psychoactive drugs
Drugs that affect mood, perception, and thought
Set
Refers to the individual using the drug, as well as that person’s expectations, including unconscious expectations, about the drug being used
Setting
The influence of the physical, social, and cultural environment within which the use occurs
Sidestream smoke
Another name for secondhand smoke; contains higher concentrations of toxic and carcinogenic compounds than mainstream smoke
Substance abuse
The use of any substance that threatens a person’s health or impairs social or economic functioning
Tolerance
If a person smokes regularly, tolerance to nicotine develops within hours, compared with days for heroin or months for alcohol
Withdrawal
When a person is given an opiate such as morphine on a regular basis for pain management, the morphine needs to be gradually tapered rather than abruptly stopped to prevent symptoms of withdrawal
Addiction treatment
Focuses on the addiction process. The goal is to help clients view addiction as a chronic disease and assist them to make lifestyle changes to halt the progression of the disease. According to the disease theory,
addicts are not responsible for the symptoms of their disease;
they are, however, responsible for treating their disease
Alcohol Anonymous (AA)
in 1935 began a
strong movement of peer support to treat a chronic illness. AA
groups have developed around the world. Help addicted people develop a daily program
of recovery and reinforce the recovery process. The fellowship,
support, and encouragement among members provide a vital
social network for the person recovering from an addiction.
Depressants
(of a drug) tending to decrease the function or activity of a system of the body.
Hallucinogens
A substance that causes excitation of the CNS, characterized by hallucination, mood change, anxiety, sensory distortion, delusion, and depersonalization; increased pulse, temperature, and BP; and dilation of the pupils.
Stimulants
Any agent that increases the rate of activity of a body system
