Chapter 37

Question 1

Alcoholism

Answer 1

Addiction to the drug called alcohol

Question 2

Biopsychosocial model

Answer 2

The disease concept of addiction and alcoholism identifies them as chronic and progressive diseases in which a person’s use of a drug or drugs continues despite problems it causes in any areas of life– physical, social, emotional, economic, or spiritual

Question 3

Blood alcohol concentration

Answer 3

The amount of alcohol the liver can metabolize in one hour

Question 4

Brief interventions

Answer 4

May convince the ATOD abuser or addict to reduce substance consumption or follow through with a treatment referral

Question 5

Codependency

Answer 5

People in a close relationship with the addict often develop unhealthy coping mechanisms to continue the relationship; a stress-induced preoccupation with the addicted person’s life, leading to extreme dependence and excessive concern with the addict

Question 6

Cross-tolerance

Answer 6

Methadone, when administered in moderate or high daily doses, produces a cross-tolerance to other opioids, thereby blocking their effects and decreasing the craving for the drug of choice

Question 7

Denial

Answer 7

A primary symptom of addiction

Question 8

Detoxification

Answer 8

The clearing of one or more drugs from the person’s body and managing the withdrawal symptoms

Question 9

Drug addiction

Answer 9

● A pattern of abuse characterized by an overwhelming preoccupation with the use of a drug, securing its supply, and a high tendency to relapse if the drug is removed

Question 10

Drug dependence

Answer 10

A state of neuroadaptation caused by the chronic, regular administration of a drug; continued use of the drug becomes necessary to prevent withdrawal symptoms

Question 11

Enabling

Answer 11

The act of shielding or preventing the addict from experiencing the consequences of the addiction

Question 12

Fetal alcohol syndrome

Answer 12

Females who consume alcohol during pregnancy may reproduce neonates with this

Question 13

Harm reduction

Answer 13

A public health approach to ATOD problems initially used in Great Britain, the Netherlands, Germany, Switzerland, and Australia, and interest in it is spreading throughout Europe and in Canada

Question 14

Injection drug users

Answer 14

Are at risk for other health complications

Question 15

Mainstream smoke

Answer 15

Smoke that is inhaled directly by the smoker

Question 16

Polysubstance abuse or use

Answer 16

A common occurrence with drug users is taking drugs from different categories together or at different times to regulate how they feel

Question 17

Prohibition

Answer 17

The United States’ primary solution to various “drug problems”

Question 18

Psychoactive drugs

Answer 18

Drugs that affect mood, perception, and thought

Question 19

Set

Answer 19

Refers to the individual using the drug, as well as that person’s expectations, including unconscious expectations, about the drug being used

Question 20

Setting

Answer 20

The influence of the physical, social, and cultural environment within which the use occurs

Question 21

Sidestream smoke

Answer 21

Another name for secondhand smoke; contains higher concentrations of toxic and carcinogenic compounds than mainstream smoke

Question 22

Substance abuse

Answer 22

The use of any substance that threatens a person’s health or impairs social or economic functioning

Question 23

Tolerance

Answer 23

If a person smokes regularly, tolerance to nicotine develops within hours, compared with days for heroin or months for alcohol

Question 24

Withdrawal

Answer 24

When a person is given an opiate such as morphine on a regular basis for pain management, the morphine needs to be gradually tapered rather than abruptly stopped to prevent symptoms of withdrawal

Question 25

Addiction treatment

Answer 25

Focuses on the addiction process. The goal is to help clients view addiction as a chronic disease and assist them to make lifestyle changes to halt the progression of the disease. According to the disease theory,
addicts are not responsible for the symptoms of their disease;
they are, however, responsible for treating their disease

Question 26

Alcohol Anonymous (AA)

Answer 26

in 1935 began a
strong movement of peer support to treat a chronic illness. AA
groups have developed around the world. Help addicted people develop a daily program
of recovery and reinforce the recovery process. The fellowship,
support, and encouragement among members provide a vital
social network for the person recovering from an addiction.

Question 27

Depressants

Answer 27

(of a drug) tending to decrease the function or activity of a system of the body.

Question 28

Hallucinogens

Answer 28

A substance that causes excitation of the CNS, characterized by hallucination, mood change, anxiety, sensory distortion, delusion, and depersonalization; increased pulse, temperature, and BP; and dilation of the pupils.

Question 29

Stimulants

Answer 29

Any agent that increases the rate of activity of a body system