Chapter 16 Key Terms

Question 1

affective domain

Answer 1

an arena of learning that includes changes in attitudes and the development of values. For affective learning, nurses consider and attempt to influence what individuals, families, communities, and populations feel, think, and value
.

Question 2

andragogy

Answer 2

Learning strategies for adults, older
adults, and individuals with some health-related knowledge about a topic. Learners play an important role in deciding what they need and want to learn

Question 3

change

Answer 3

means to move away from one way of thinking, believing, and acting and move toward a new way

Question 4

cognitive domain

Answer 4

includes memory, recognition, understanding, reasoning, application, and problem solving and is divided into a hierarchical classification of behaviors

Question 5

cohesion

Answer 5

the attraction between individual members and between each member and the group.

Question 6

democratic leadership

Answer 6

is cooperative in nature and promotes and supports members’ involvement in all aspects of decision making and planning

Question 7

education

Answer 7

an activity “undertaken or initiated by one or more agents that is designed to effect changes in the knowledge, skill, and attitudes of individuals, groups, or communities”

Question 8

established groups

Answer 8

membership ties already exist, and the existing structures can be used. It is not necessary to find new members because compatible individuals already form a working group

Question 9

ethics

Answer 9

When developing community health promotion programs, they take into account the ethics related to health education.
Glossary: The science or study of moral values or principles, including ideals of autonomy, beneficence, and justice.

Question 10

evaluation

Answer 10

provides a systematic and logical method for making decisions to improve the educational program
Glossary: Assessment of performance against an established set of goals or objectives.

Question 11

formal groups

Answer 11

have a defined membership and a specific purpose

Question 12

goals

Answer 12

are broad, long-term expected outcomes such as, “Each child in the
third-grade class will participate in 30 minutes of daily physical
exercise, 4 days per week for 2 months.” Program goals should deal directly with the clients’ overall learning needs . 

Glossary: The purpose toward which an endeavor is directed, such as the outcome of diagnostic, therapeutic, and educational management of a patient’s health problem.

Question 13

group

Answer 13

a collection of interacting individuals who have common purposes and are influenced by one another.

Question 14

health belief model

Answer 14

an individual-level model. This model can be useful in planning programs in which the motivation of learners might be a concern

Glossary: A conceptual framework that describes a person’s health behavior as an expression of health beliefs. The model was designed to predict a person’s health behavior, including the use of health services, and to justify intervention to alter maladaptive health behavior.

Question 15

health education

Answer 15

a competency that is included in many documents that describe the role of public health professionals, including nurses.

Question 16

health literacy

Answer 16

he degree to which individuals have the capacity to obtain, process, and understand basic information and services needed to make appropriate health decisions

Question 17

informal groups

Answer 17

the ties between members are multiple, and the purposes are unwritten yet understood by members. These groups often form spontaneously when participants have a common interest or need

Question 18

learning

Answer 18

emphasizes the recipient of knowledge and skills and the person(s) in whom a change is expected to occur. Learning involves change

Question 19

long-term evaluation

Answer 19

geared toward following and assessing the status of an individual, family, community, or population over time

Question 20

maintenance function

Answer 20

abilities to affirm and support individuals in the group; they help other members stay with the group and feel accepted

Glossary: Behaviors that provide physical and psychological support and therefore hold the group together.

Question 21

maintenance norms

Answer 21

create group pressures to affirm members and maintain their comfort

Question 22

motivational interviewing

Answer 22

a tool designed to help clients state their motivations to change. It is a collaborative partnership between the teacher and the learner designed to help people make their own choices

Question 23

norms

Answer 23

are standards that guide, control, and regulate individuals and communities.

Glossary: A measure of a phenomenon generally accepted as the ideal standard performance against which other measures of the phenomenon may be measured.

Question 24

objectives

Answer 24

specific, short-term criteria that need to be met as steps toward achieving the long-term goal.

Glossary: Pertaining to a phenomenon or clinical finding that is observed; not subjective.

Question 25

patriarchal leadership

Answer 25

may control members through rewards and treats, often keeping them in the dark about the goals and rationale behind prescribed actions

Question 26

pedagogy

Answer 26

Learning strategies for children and individuals with little knowledge about a health-related topic. The teacher assumes full responsibility for making decisions about what will be learned, and how and when it will be learned

Glossary: The art and science of teaching children, based on a belief that the purpose of education is the transmittal of knowledge.

Question 27

precaution adoption process model

Answer 27

Useful in health promotion. Deals with change that occurs in stages and over time

Glossary: Health promotion model that has seven stages a person goes through in making changes in behavior, ranging from being unaware of the issue to maintaining the new behavior

Question 28

process evaluation

Answer 28

examines the dynamic, ongoing, components of the educational program. It follows and assesses the movements and management of information transfer and attempts to make sure the objectives are being met

Glossary: That aspect of the evaluation that examines the dynamic component of the educational program and is used throughout the implementation of the program.

Question 29

psychomotor domain

Answer 29

includes the performance of skills that require some degree of neuromuscular coordination and emphasizes motor skills

Question 30

reality norms

Answer 30

where members reinforce or challenge and correct their ideas of what is real. Groups can
examine the life situations confronting individuals and help to make sense of them.

Glossary: Group members’ perceptions of reality, on which daily behavior is based; influence decision-making and action-taking processes.

Question 31

short-term evaluation

Answer 31

requires minimal energy, expense, or time; skill mastery can be determined within a matter of minutes

Glossary: Focuses on identifying behavioral effects of health education programs and determining whether changes are caused by the educational program.

Question 32

social media

Answer 32

has created an entirely new way of providing health information

Question 33

task function

Answer 33

anything a member does that deliberately contributes to the group’s purpose

Question 34

task norm

Answer 34

the commitment to return to the central goals of the group, and its strength determines the group’s ability to adhere to its work

Question 35

transtheoretical model

Answer 35

Useful in health promotion. Deals with change that occurs in stages and over time

Glossary: Health promotion model that looks at the stages of change a person goes through when changing behavior. The stages move from precontemplation to termination of the change process.