Chapter 16 Key Terms Flashcards
affective domain
an arena of learning that includes changes in attitudes and the development of values. For affective learning, nurses consider and attempt to influence what individuals, families, communities, and populations feel, think, and value
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andragogy
Learning strategies for adults, older
adults, and individuals with some health-related knowledge about a topic. Learners play an important role in deciding what they need and want to learn
change
means to move away from one way of thinking, believing, and acting and move toward a new way
cognitive domain
includes memory, recognition, understanding, reasoning, application, and problem solving and is divided into a hierarchical classification of behaviors
cohesion
the attraction between individual members and between each member and the group.
democratic leadership
is cooperative in nature and promotes and supports members’ involvement in all aspects of decision making and planning
education
an activity “undertaken or initiated by one or more agents that is designed to effect changes in the knowledge, skill, and attitudes of individuals, groups, or communities”
established groups
membership ties already exist, and the existing structures can be used. It is not necessary to find new members because compatible individuals already form a working group
ethics
When developing community health promotion programs, they take into account the ethics related to health education.
Glossary: The science or study of moral values or principles, including ideals of autonomy, beneficence, and justice.
evaluation
provides a systematic and logical method for making decisions to improve the educational program
Glossary: Assessment of performance against an established set of goals or objectives.
formal groups
have a defined membership and a specific purpose
goals
are broad, long-term expected outcomes such as, “Each child in the third-grade class will participate in 30 minutes of daily physical exercise, 4 days per week for 2 months.” Program goals should deal directly with the clients’ overall learning needs .
Glossary: The purpose toward which an endeavor is directed, such as the outcome of diagnostic, therapeutic, and educational management of a patient’s health problem.
group
a collection of interacting individuals who have common purposes and are influenced by one another.
health belief model
an individual-level model. This model can be useful in planning programs in which the motivation of learners might be a concern
Glossary: A conceptual framework that describes a person’s health behavior as an expression of health beliefs. The model was designed to predict a person’s health behavior, including the use of health services, and to justify intervention to alter maladaptive health behavior.
health education
a competency that is included in many documents that describe the role of public health professionals, including nurses.
health literacy
he degree to which individuals have the capacity to obtain, process, and understand basic information and services needed to make appropriate health decisions
informal groups
the ties between members are multiple, and the purposes are unwritten yet understood by members. These groups often form spontaneously when participants have a common interest or need
learning
emphasizes the recipient of knowledge and skills and the person(s) in whom a change is expected to occur. Learning involves change
long-term evaluation
geared toward following and assessing the status of an individual, family, community, or population over time
maintenance function
abilities to affirm and support individuals in the group; they help other members stay with the group and feel accepted
Glossary: Behaviors that provide physical and psychological support and therefore hold the group together.
maintenance norms
create group pressures to affirm members and maintain their comfort
motivational interviewing
a tool designed to help clients state their motivations to change. It is a collaborative partnership between the teacher and the learner designed to help people make their own choices
norms
are standards that guide, control, and regulate individuals and communities.
Glossary: A measure of a phenomenon generally accepted as the ideal standard performance against which other measures of the phenomenon may be measured.
objectives
specific, short-term criteria that need to be met as steps toward achieving the long-term goal.
Glossary: Pertaining to a phenomenon or clinical finding that is observed; not subjective.
patriarchal leadership
may control members through rewards and treats, often keeping them in the dark about the goals and rationale behind prescribed actions
pedagogy
Learning strategies for children and individuals with little knowledge about a health-related topic. The teacher assumes full responsibility for making decisions about what will be learned, and how and when it will be learned
Glossary: The art and science of teaching children, based on a belief that the purpose of education is the transmittal of knowledge.
precaution adoption process model
Useful in health promotion. Deals with change that occurs in stages and over time
Glossary: Health promotion model that has seven stages a person goes through in making changes in behavior, ranging from being unaware of the issue to maintaining the new behavior
process evaluation
examines the dynamic, ongoing, components of the educational program. It follows and assesses the movements and management of information transfer and attempts to make sure the objectives are being met
Glossary: That aspect of the evaluation that examines the dynamic component of the educational program and is used throughout the implementation of the program.
psychomotor domain
includes the performance of skills that require some degree of neuromuscular coordination and emphasizes motor skills
reality norms
where members reinforce or challenge and correct their ideas of what is real. Groups can
examine the life situations confronting individuals and help to make sense of them.
Glossary: Group members’ perceptions of reality, on which daily behavior is based; influence decision-making and action-taking processes.
short-term evaluation
requires minimal energy, expense, or time; skill mastery can be determined within a matter of minutes
Glossary: Focuses on identifying behavioral effects of health education programs and determining whether changes are caused by the educational program.
social media
has created an entirely new way of providing health information
task function
anything a member does that deliberately contributes to the group’s purpose
task norm
the commitment to return to the central goals of the group, and its strength determines the group’s ability to adhere to its work
transtheoretical model
Useful in health promotion. Deals with change that occurs in stages and over time
Glossary: Health promotion model that looks at the stages of change a person goes through when changing behavior. The stages move from precontemplation to termination of the change process.
