Chapter 14 Flashcards
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
the symptomatic phase of HIV infection, and consists of immunodeficiency resulting in cancers and infections that affect body systems, such as the central nervous system
Chlamydia
sexually transmitted disease caused by the organism Chlamydia trachomatis that causes infection of the urethra and cervix. Infections may be asymptomatic, and result in severe morbidity if left untreated
Directly Observed Therapy
a system of providing medications for clients with tuberculosis infection in which the client is monitored to maximize adherence to the medication regimen and treatment
Genital Herpes
a virus that attacks the genitals and sacral nerve. Infection is characterized by painful lesions that present as vesicles and progress to ulcerations on the male and female genitals, buttocks, or upper thighs
Genital Warts
cauliflower-appearing growths that are caused by human papillomavirus
Gonorrhea
a sexually transmitted disease caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae, resulting in inflammation of the urethra and cervix and dysuria; or it may result in no symptoms
Hepatitis A Virus
a virus that is transmitted by the fecal-oral route. The clinical course of hepatitis A ranges from mild to severe and often requires prolonged convalescence. Onset is usually acute with fever, nausea, lack of appetite, malaise, and abdominal discomfort, followed after several days by jaundice
Hepatitis B Virus
a virus that is transmitted through exposure to body fluids. Infection results in a clinical picture that ranges from a self-limited acute infection to fulminant hepatitis or hepatic carcinoma, possibly leading to death
Hepatitis C Virus
a virus that is transmitted through exposure to blood and body fluids. HCV infection may present with such mild symptoms that it goes unrecognized. It is the most common chronic bloodborne infection in the United States
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy
taking a combination of three or more antiretroviral drugs
HIV Antibody Test
a laboratory procedure that detects antibody to HIV. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is the test commonly used in screening blood for the antibody to HIV; the Western blot is used as the confirmatory test
HIV Infection
infection with human immunodeficiency virus; a phase of this infection is subclinical, but infected individuals remain capable of transmitting the virus by specific behaviors
Human Immunodeficiency Virus
the virus that causes HIV infection and AIDS
Human Papillomavirus
a sexually transmitted disease that results in genital warts (condylomata acuminata) that grow in the vulva, vagina, cervix, urinary meatus, scrotum, or perianal area. A link exists between specific HPV types and cervical cancer
Incidence
in epidemiology, the number of new cases of infection or disease that occur in a defined population in a specified period of time
Incubation
time interval beginning with the invasion of the infectious agent and continuing until the organism multiplies to sufficient numbers to produce a host reaction and clinical symptoms
Injection Drug Use
includes intravenous and subcutaneous drug injection, the latter usually over the abdominal area
Non-Gonococcal Urethritis
inflammation of the urethra from microorganisms other than Neisseria gonorrhoeae; Chlamydia trachomatis has been implicated as the cause of 50% of cases
Partner Notification
identifying and locating contacts of persons who have been diagnosed with a transmissible disease in order to notify them of exposure and encourage them to seek medical treatment
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
infection of the female reproductive organs, specifically the fallopian tubes and endometrium, resulting in infertility and/or ectopic pregnancy. Acute symptoms and signs include lower abdominal pain, increased vaginal discharge, urinary frequency, vomiting, and fever. PID results from untreated gonorrhea and chlamydia
Perinatal HIV Transmission
transmission of HIV from the mother to the fetus or infant during pregnancy, delivery, or breastfeeding
Prevalence
the number or percentage of persons in a given population with a disease or condition at a given point in time. Also the proportion of existing cases of a health outcome in a population at a particular time
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
communicable diseases such as gonorrhea, chlamydia, and HIV infection that can be transmitted by sexual activity
Syphilis
an infectious sexually transmitted disease caused by a bacterium Treponema pallidum; characterized by the appearance of lesions or chancres that may involve any tissue. Relapses are frequent and, after the initial chancre and secondary symptoms, syphilis may exist without symptoms for years
Tuberculosis
an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It is transmitted by airborne transmission, resulting in pulmonary symptoms and wasting. Infection can be latent and asymptomatic, later progressing to active infection
