chapter 35 section 1

Question 1

what is a collar cell

Answer 1

flagellated cell that lines interior of sponge

Question 2

osculum

Answer 2

the opening at the top of the sponge

Question 3

spicule

Answer 3

tiny, hard particles of calcium carbonate or silicon dioxide that are often shaped like spikes

Question 4

calcium carbonate

Answer 4

CaCO3

Question 5

Silicon Dioxide

Answer 5

SiO2

Question 6

amebocyte

Answer 6

crawling cell that brings nutrients to the rest of the body.

Question 7

invertebrates are animals that lack

Answer 7

a backbone

Question 8

adult sponges are sessile, which means that they

Answer 8

attach to a surface and do not move

Question 9

collar cells perform 3 functions

Answer 9

pumps water into the interior of the sponge
engulfs and digests food that is filtered from the water
passes nutrients to amebocytes

Question 10

sponges eliminate carbon dioxide and cellular wastes by

Answer 10

allowing them to diffuse into the water that passes through the sponge

Question 11

after a sponge egg is fertilized, it develops into a

Answer 11

larva

Question 12

explain why there is so much diversity among invertebrates

Answer 12

it only has to lack a backbone to be an invertebrate

Question 13

what are the two substances that a sponge’s skeleton may be made of

Answer 13

spongin and spicules

Question 14

how do spongin and spicules differ

Answer 14

spongin is a network of protein fibers

spicules are tiny, hard particles of calcium carbonate or silicon dioxide that are shaped like spikes

Question 15

how do collar cells participate in the sexual reproduction of sponges

Answer 15

collar cells in a sponge engulf the sperm and transfer them to amebocytes which carry the sperm to the egg

Question 16

why is hermaphroditism beneficial in sponges even though they rarely self fertilize

Answer 16

the chance of successful fertilization is higher

Question 17

would gemmules or larvae be better at distributing a population of sponges through an area?

Answer 17

larvae, because larvae can swim anywhere by their flagella. This would cause a wide spread.