chapter 24 section 2

Question 1

what is a capsule

Answer 1

an outer covering of polysaccharides made by many bacteria

Question 2

what is an endospore

Answer 2

a dormant structure consisting of a thick outer covering that surrounds a bacteria cell’s DNA.

Question 3

what is a pilus

Answer 3

a short hairlike, protein structure that extends from the cell’s surface of some bacteria

Question 4

a pilus forms a _____

Answer 4

conjugation bridge

Question 5

what is an obligate anaerobe

Answer 5

it cannot survive in the presence of oxygen

Question 6

what is a facultative anaerobe

Answer 6

it can live with or without oxygen

Question 7

what is the process of transformation

Answer 7

a process where bacteria obtain DNA from its external environment

Question 8

what is the process of transduction

Answer 8

the transfer of DNA from one bacterium to another by a virus

Question 9

one structure you would not find in a bacterial cell is a _____

Answer 9

mitochondrion

Question 10

saprophytic bacteria obtain energy by _________

Answer 10

feeding on dead and decaying material

Question 11

which types of bacteria can live in the presence of

oxygen

Answer 11

facultative anaerobes

Question 12

the process by which two living bacteria bind together and transfer genetic information is called

Answer 12

conjugation

Question 13

where does photosynthesis take place in a photoautotrohic bacterium

Answer 13

takes place in the internal foldings of the cell membrane called the thylakoids

Question 14

what is a glycocalyx

Answer 14

a fuzzy coating of sticky sugars that makes up the capsule of some bacteria

Question 15

what does a glycocalyx do

Answer 15

enables bacteria to attach to the surface of host cells and tissues

Question 16

three environmental factors that affect the growth of bacteria

Answer 16

oxygen, temp, pH

Question 17

what type of genetic recombination in bacteria involves DNA transfer by viruses

Answer 17

transduction

Question 18

In a bacteria cell what does a pilus do?

Answer 18

assists the cell in attaching to other surfaces in genetic recombination

Question 19

In a bacteria cell what does a capsule do?

Answer 19

protects the cell and assists it in attaching to other surfaces

Question 20

In a bacteria cell what does a cell wall do?

Answer 20

protects the cell and gives it shape

Question 21

In a bacteria cell what does a cell membrane do?

Answer 21

regulates the movement of materials in and out of the cell

Question 22

In a bacteria cell what does a chromosome do?

Answer 22

carries genetic information

Question 23

In a bacteria cell what does a plasmid do?

Answer 23

carries genes obtained through genetic recombination

Question 24

In a bacteria cell what does a flaegellum do?

Answer 24

moves the cell

Question 25

3 ways that bacteria move

Answer 25

gliding through a layer of slime
producing a corkscrew like motion
propulsion by flagella