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EMT > Chapter 34- Pediatric Emergencies > Flashcards

Chapter 34- Pediatric Emergencies Flashcards

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1
Q

Pediatrics

A

A specialized medical practice devoted to the care of young patients, can be extremely challenging

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2
Q

Infancy

A

Usually defines as the first year of life

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3
Q

Toddler

A

After infancy until about age 3

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4
Q

Assessment of an infant

A
  • Observe infant from distance in parent/caregivers arms
  • Sensory comfort (warm hands and end of stethoscope)
  • do painful or uncomfortable procedures at the end of the assessment process.
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5
Q

Assessment of a toddler

A
  • stranger anxiety may still develop early
  • allow the toddler to hold any special objects that brings the toddler comfort
  • when possible, demonstrate the assessment on a doll or stuffed animal first
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6
Q

Preschool age

A

Ages 3-6 years old

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7
Q

Assessment of a preschool age child

A
  • they can understand directions, be more specific in describing their sensations and identify painful areas when questioned
  • communicate simply and directly
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8
Q

School age

A

Children ages 6-12 years old

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9
Q

Adolescents

A

Ages 12-18 years old

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10
Q

Infant respirations per minute

A

30-60

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11
Q

Toddler respirations per minute

A

24-40

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12
Q

Preschool age respirations per minute

A

22-34

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13
Q

School-age respirations per minute

A

18-30

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14
Q

Adolescent respirations per minute

A

12 to 16

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15
Q

Normal pulse ranges for newborn to 3 months

A

85-205

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16
Q

Normal pulse ranges for 3 months- 2years old

A

100-190

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17
Q

Normal pulse rates for 2year olds to 10year olds

A

60-140

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18
Q

Normal pulse rates for 10 years or older

A

60-100

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19
Q

What is more frequently injured in children than adults when it comes to the gastrointestinal system?

A

The liver, spleen, and kidneys

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20
Q

Childs bones are ______ than adults

A

Softer

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21
Q

Fontanelles

A

Soft spots of the infants head

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22
Q

The thoracic cage of children are

A

Highly elastic and flexible because it is primarily composed of cartilaginous connective tissue

23
Q

Pediatric assessment triangle (PAT)

A

A assessment toool used to rapidly form a general impression of the infant or child without touching him or her

Consists of assessing appearance, work of breathing, and circulation to the skin

24
Q

TICLS

A 
Tone
Interactiveness
Consolability
Look or gaze
Speech or cry
25
Q

Tachypnea

A

Increased respiratory rate

26
Q

ABCDE

A 
Airway
Breathing
Circulation
Disability
Exposure
27
Q

Bradypnea

A

A decrease in the respiratory rate

28
Q

Wong-Baker FACES Scale

A

Helpful tool in assessing the level of pain in a pediatric patient

29
Q

A useful tool to determin blood pressure in children ages 1 to 10 years is:

A

70+(2 x child’s age in years)= Systolic Blood Pressure

30
Q

Tracheitis

A

Inflammation of the trachea

31
Q

Signs and symptoms that are frequently associated with a partial upper airway obstruction include:

A

Decreased or absent breath sounds and stridor.

32
Q

Signs and symptoms of a lower airway obstruction:

A

Wheezing and/or crackles

33
Q

Asthma

A

A condition in which the smaller air passages (bronchioles) become inflamed, swell, and produce excessive mucus, which leads to difficulty breathing

34
Q

Common causes (triggers) for an asthma episode include:

A
  • upper respiratory infection
  • exercise
  • exposure to cold air or smoke
  • emotional stress
35
Q

Pneumonia

A

General term that refers to an infection of the lungs.

36
Q

Croup (laryngotracheobronchitis)

A

An infection in the airway below the level of the vocal cords, usually caused by a virus

The disease starts with a cold, cough, and a low-grade fever that develops over 2 days.

37
Q

Hallmark signs of croup

A

Stridor and a seal-bark cough, which is a signal of significant narrowing of the air passage of the trachea that may progress significant obstruction.

38
Q

Intervention you can give for croup

A

Humidified oxygen if possible

39
Q

Epiglottitis (Supraglottitis)

A

An infection of the soft tissue in the area above the vocal cords.

In preschool and school aged children especially, the epiglottis can swell to two to three times its normal size.

40
Q

Signs and symptoms of epiglottitis

A

Look ill, report a very sore throat, have a high fever, often found in tripod position, pain on swallowing

41
Q

Bronchiolitis

A

A specific viral illness of newborns and toddlers, often caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) that causes inflammation of the bronchioles.

Highly contagious and spread through droplets

42
Q

Pertussis

A

Also known as whooping cough, is a communicable disease caused by a bacterium that spread through respiratory droplets.

43
Q

Signs and symptoms of pertussis

A

Similar to a common cold:
Coughing
Sneezing
And a runny nose

44
Q

Hemophilia

A

A congenital condition in which the patient lacks one or more of the normal clotting factors of blood.

45
Q

AEIOU-TIPS

A 
Alcohol
Epilepsy, endocrine, electrolytes
Insulin
Opiates and other drugs
Uremia

Trauma, temperature
Infection
Poisoning, psychogenic causes
Shock, stroke, seizure, syncope, space-occupying lesion, subarachnoid hemorrhage

46
Q

Meningitis

A

An inflammation of the tissues called the meninges, that cover the spinal cord and brain

47
Q

Dose for a child of activated charcoal

A

1g of activated charcoal per kilogram of body weight. Usual pediatric dose is 12.5 to 25g.

48
Q

Febrile seizures

A

Are common in children between ages 6 months and 6 years.
Don’t have aura stage
Most pediatric seizures are a result of fever.

49
Q

Tonic

A

Contraction phase of seizure

50
Q

Clonic

A

Excessive movement phase of seizure

51
Q

Shaken baby syndrome

A

Infants may sustain life threatening head trauma by being shaken or struck on the head

52
Q

Neglect

A

Refusal or failure on the part of the parent or caregiver to provide life necessities, such as food, water, clothing, shelter, personal hygiene, medicine, comfort, and personal safety.

53
Q

Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)

A

The death of an infant or young child where the cause of the death remains unexplained.

EMT (26 decks)

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