Chapter 34- Pediatric Emergencies

Question 1

Pediatrics

Answer 1

A specialized medical practice devoted to the care of young patients, can be extremely challenging

Question 2

Infancy

Answer 2

Usually defines as the first year of life

Question 3

Toddler

Answer 3

After infancy until about age 3

Question 4

Assessment of an infant

Answer 4

• Observe infant from distance in parent/caregivers arms
• Sensory comfort (warm hands and end of stethoscope)
• do painful or uncomfortable procedures at the end of the assessment process.

Question 5

Assessment of a toddler

Answer 5

• stranger anxiety may still develop early
• allow the toddler to hold any special objects that brings the toddler comfort
• when possible, demonstrate the assessment on a doll or stuffed animal first

Question 6

Preschool age

Answer 6

Ages 3-6 years old

Question 7

Assessment of a preschool age child

Answer 7

• they can understand directions, be more specific in describing their sensations and identify painful areas when questioned
• communicate simply and directly

Question 8

School age

Answer 8

Children ages 6-12 years old

Question 9

Adolescents

Answer 9

Ages 12-18 years old

Question 10

Infant respirations per minute

Answer 10

30-60

Question 11

Toddler respirations per minute

Answer 11

24-40

Question 12

Preschool age respirations per minute

Answer 12

22-34

Question 13

School-age respirations per minute

Answer 13

18-30

Question 14

Adolescent respirations per minute

Answer 14

12 to 16

Question 15

Normal pulse ranges for newborn to 3 months

Answer 15

85-205

Question 16

Normal pulse ranges for 3 months- 2years old

Answer 16

100-190

Question 17

Normal pulse rates for 2year olds to 10year olds

Answer 17

60-140

Question 18

Normal pulse rates for 10 years or older

Answer 18

60-100

Question 19

What is more frequently injured in children than adults when it comes to the gastrointestinal system?

Answer 19

The liver, spleen, and kidneys

Question 20

Childs bones are ______ than adults

Answer 20

Softer

Question 21

Fontanelles

Answer 21

Soft spots of the infants head

Question 22

The thoracic cage of children are

Answer 22

Highly elastic and flexible because it is primarily composed of cartilaginous connective tissue

Question 23

Pediatric assessment triangle (PAT)

Answer 23

A assessment toool used to rapidly form a general impression of the infant or child without touching him or her

Consists of assessing appearance, work of breathing, and circulation to the skin

Question 24

TICLS

Answer 24

Tone
Interactiveness
Consolability
Look or gaze
Speech or cry

Question 25

Tachypnea

Answer 25

Increased respiratory rate

Question 26

ABCDE

Answer 26

``` Airway Breathing Circulation Disability Exposure ```

Question 27

Bradypnea

Answer 27

A decrease in the respiratory rate

Question 28

Wong-Baker FACES Scale

Answer 28

Helpful tool in assessing the level of pain in a pediatric patient

Question 29

A useful tool to determin blood pressure in children ages 1 to 10 years is:

Answer 29

70+(2 x child’s age in years)= Systolic Blood Pressure

Question 30

Tracheitis

Answer 30

Inflammation of the trachea

Question 31

Signs and symptoms that are frequently associated with a partial upper airway obstruction include:

Answer 31

Decreased or absent breath sounds and stridor.

Question 32

Signs and symptoms of a lower airway obstruction:

Answer 32

Wheezing and/or crackles

Question 33

Asthma

Answer 33

A condition in which the smaller air passages (bronchioles) become inflamed, swell, and produce excessive mucus, which leads to difficulty breathing

Question 34

Common causes (triggers) for an asthma episode include:

Answer 34

- upper respiratory infection - exercise - exposure to cold air or smoke - emotional stress

Question 35

Pneumonia

Answer 35

General term that refers to an infection of the lungs.

Question 36

Croup (laryngotracheobronchitis)

Answer 36

An infection in the airway below the level of the vocal cords, usually caused by a virus The disease starts with a cold, cough, and a low-grade fever that develops over 2 days.

Question 37

Hallmark signs of croup

Answer 37

Stridor and a seal-bark cough, which is a signal of significant narrowing of the air passage of the trachea that may progress significant obstruction.

Question 38

Intervention you can give for croup

Answer 38

Humidified oxygen if possible

Question 39

Epiglottitis (Supraglottitis)

Answer 39

An infection of the soft tissue in the area above the vocal cords. In preschool and school aged children especially, the epiglottis can swell to two to three times its normal size.

Question 40

Signs and symptoms of epiglottitis

Answer 40

Look ill, report a very sore throat, have a high fever, often found in tripod position, pain on swallowing

Question 41

Bronchiolitis

Answer 41

A specific viral illness of newborns and toddlers, often caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) that causes inflammation of the bronchioles. Highly contagious and spread through droplets

Question 42

Pertussis

Answer 42

Also known as whooping cough, is a communicable disease caused by a bacterium that spread through respiratory droplets.

Question 43

Signs and symptoms of pertussis

Answer 43

Similar to a common cold: Coughing Sneezing And a runny nose

Question 44

Hemophilia

Answer 44

A congenital condition in which the patient lacks one or more of the normal clotting factors of blood.

Question 45

AEIOU-TIPS

Answer 45

``` Alcohol Epilepsy, endocrine, electrolytes Insulin Opiates and other drugs Uremia ``` Trauma, temperature Infection Poisoning, psychogenic causes Shock, stroke, seizure, syncope, space-occupying lesion, subarachnoid hemorrhage

Question 46

Meningitis

Answer 46

An inflammation of the tissues called the meninges, that cover the spinal cord and brain

Question 47

Dose for a child of activated charcoal

Answer 47

1g of activated charcoal per kilogram of body weight. Usual pediatric dose is 12.5 to 25g.

Question 48

Febrile seizures

Answer 48

Are common in children between ages 6 months and 6 years. Don’t have aura stage Most pediatric seizures are a result of fever.

Question 49

Tonic

Answer 49

Contraction phase of seizure

Question 50

Clonic

Answer 50

Excessive movement phase of seizure

Question 51

Shaken baby syndrome

Answer 51

Infants may sustain life threatening head trauma by being shaken or struck on the head

Question 52

Neglect

Answer 52

Refusal or failure on the part of the parent or caregiver to provide life necessities, such as food, water, clothing, shelter, personal hygiene, medicine, comfort, and personal safety.

Question 53

Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)

Answer 53

The death of an infant or young child where the cause of the death remains unexplained.