Chapter 31- Orthopaedic Injuries Flashcards

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1
Q

What does the term musculoskeletal refer to?

A

Bones and voluntary muscles of the body

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2
Q

The muscular system included three types of muscles:

A

Skeletal (striated)
Smooth
Cardiac

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3
Q

What kind of muscle makes up the larges portion of the body’s muscle mass?

A

Skeletal (striated)

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4
Q

Primary function of skeletal muscle:

A

Movement and posture

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5
Q

Smooth muscle is a component of other body systems like:

A

Digestive system and the cardiovascular system

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6
Q

Skeletal muscle is directly attached to the bone by tough, rope like structures known as what?

A

Tendons

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7
Q

Fascia

A

Fibrous tissue, tendons are an extension of fascia, it covers all skeletal muscle

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8
Q

Bones in the skeleton produce what?

A

Blood cells in the bone marrow and serve as a reservoir for important minerals and electrolytes.

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9
Q

What does the pectoral girdle consist of?

A

Two scapulae and two clavicles.

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10
Q

What bones make up the forearm?

A

Radius and ulna

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11
Q

What bone is larger? Radius or ulna?

A

Radius and it lies on the thumb side of the arm

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12
Q

Three sets of bones in the hands

A

Carpals, metacarpals, phalanges

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13
Q

What is the shin bone?

A

Tibia, responsible for supporting the major weight-bearing surface of the knee and ankle

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14
Q

What bone runs behind the tibia?

A

Fibula, it is much smaller than the tibia

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15
Q

What is the largest tarsal bone?

A

Calcaneus (heel bone)

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16
Q

Definition of a joint

A

Wherever two bones come into contact

17
Q

How are joints held together?

A

They are held together in a tough fibrous structure known as a capsule which is supported and strengthened in certain areas by bands of fibrous tissue called ligaments

18
Q

Ligaments

A

Connects bone to bone, strengthens joints

19
Q

Articulate cartilage

A

Found covering the end of bones that are moving joints

Pearly white substance that allows the ends of the bones to glide easily

20
Q

What are joints bathed and lubricated by?

A

Synovial fluid

21
Q

Zone of injury

A

The area of soft tissue, including the adjacent nerves and blood vessels, that surround the obvious injury of a bone or joint

22
Q

Fracture

A

A broken bone

23
Q

Closed fracture

A

Any break in a bone in which the overlying skin is not broken

24
Q

Open fracture

A

Any break in a bone in which the overlying skin has been broken

25
Q

Non displaced fracture

A

Also known as a hairline fracture, it is just a simple crack of the bone that may be difficult to distinguish from a sprain or simple contusion

26
Q

Displaced fracture

A

Produces actual deformity, or distortion, of the limb by shortening, rotating, or angulating it.

27
Q

Particular types of fractures

A

Comminuted- when the bone is broken into more than 2 fragments

Epiphyseal- when the growth section of a child’s bone is damaged and may lead to growth abnormalities

Greenstick- an incomplete fracture that may only go partway through the bone but still may cause angulation

Incomplete- a fracture that does not run completely through the bone

Oblique- a fracture in which the bone is broken at an angle across the bone

Pathologic- a fracture of weakened or diseased bone

Spiral- caused by twisting or spinning force, causing a long, spiral-shaped break in the bone

Transverse- occurs straight across the bone, usually a result of a direct blow

28
Q

Point tenderness

A

Tenderness on the point of injury, found by gently palpating along the bone with the tip of the finger

29
Q

Rapid swelling from a fracture usually indicates what?

A

Bleeding

30
Q

Ecchymosis

A

Discoloration of the skin, fractures are almost always associated with this

31
Q

Crepitus

A

A grating or grinding sensation of the bone rubbing together

32
Q

False motion

A

A point in the limb where there is no joint

33
Q

Dislocation

A

A disruption of a joint in which the bone ends are no longer in contact

34
Q

Reduce

A

Return to its normal position (associated with dislocations)

35
Q

Sprain

A

Occurs when a joint is twisted or stretched beyond its normal range of motion.

36
Q

What can a sprain injure?

A

Ligaments, articulations capsule, Sylvia membrane, and tendons crossing the joint.

37
Q

Strain

A

Stretching or tearing of the muscle and/or tendon, causing pain, swelling, and bruising of the soft tissues in the area.

38
Q

Amputation

A

An injury in which an extremity is completely severed from the body

39
Q

Static nerve

A

The major nerve to the lower extremities; controls much of muscle function in the leg and sensation in most of the leg and foot