Chapter 31- Orthopaedic Injuries

Question 1

What does the term musculoskeletal refer to?

Answer 1

Bones and voluntary muscles of the body

Question 2

The muscular system included three types of muscles:

Answer 2

Skeletal (striated)
Smooth
Cardiac

Question 3

What kind of muscle makes up the larges portion of the body’s muscle mass?

Answer 3

Skeletal (striated)

Question 4

Primary function of skeletal muscle:

Answer 4

Movement and posture

Question 5

Smooth muscle is a component of other body systems like:

Answer 5

Digestive system and the cardiovascular system

Question 6

Skeletal muscle is directly attached to the bone by tough, rope like structures known as what?

Answer 6

Tendons

Question 7

Fascia

Answer 7

Fibrous tissue, tendons are an extension of fascia, it covers all skeletal muscle

Question 8

Bones in the skeleton produce what?

Answer 8

Blood cells in the bone marrow and serve as a reservoir for important minerals and electrolytes.

Question 9

What does the pectoral girdle consist of?

Answer 9

Two scapulae and two clavicles.

Question 10

What bones make up the forearm?

Answer 10

Radius and ulna

Question 11

What bone is larger? Radius or ulna?

Answer 11

Radius and it lies on the thumb side of the arm

Question 12

Three sets of bones in the hands

Answer 12

Carpals, metacarpals, phalanges

Question 13

What is the shin bone?

Answer 13

Tibia, responsible for supporting the major weight-bearing surface of the knee and ankle

Question 14

What bone runs behind the tibia?

Answer 14

Fibula, it is much smaller than the tibia

Question 15

What is the largest tarsal bone?

Answer 15

Calcaneus (heel bone)

Question 16

Definition of a joint

Answer 16

Wherever two bones come into contact

Question 17

How are joints held together?

Answer 17

They are held together in a tough fibrous structure known as a capsule which is supported and strengthened in certain areas by bands of fibrous tissue called ligaments

Question 18

Ligaments

Answer 18

Connects bone to bone, strengthens joints

Question 19

Articulate cartilage

Answer 19

Found covering the end of bones that are moving joints

Pearly white substance that allows the ends of the bones to glide easily

Question 20

What are joints bathed and lubricated by?

Answer 20

Synovial fluid

Question 21

Zone of injury

Answer 21

The area of soft tissue, including the adjacent nerves and blood vessels, that surround the obvious injury of a bone or joint

Question 22

Fracture

Answer 22

A broken bone

Question 23

Closed fracture

Answer 23

Any break in a bone in which the overlying skin is not broken

Question 24

Open fracture

Answer 24

Any break in a bone in which the overlying skin has been broken

Question 25

Non displaced fracture

Answer 25

Also known as a hairline fracture, it is just a simple crack of the bone that may be difficult to distinguish from a sprain or simple contusion

Question 26

Displaced fracture

Answer 26

Produces actual deformity, or distortion, of the limb by shortening, rotating, or angulating it.

Question 27

Particular types of fractures

Answer 27

Comminuted- when the bone is broken into more than 2 fragments

Epiphyseal- when the growth section of a child’s bone is damaged and may lead to growth abnormalities

Greenstick- an incomplete fracture that may only go partway through the bone but still may cause angulation

Incomplete- a fracture that does not run completely through the bone

Oblique- a fracture in which the bone is broken at an angle across the bone

Pathologic- a fracture of weakened or diseased bone

Spiral- caused by twisting or spinning force, causing a long, spiral-shaped break in the bone

Transverse- occurs straight across the bone, usually a result of a direct blow

Question 28

Point tenderness

Answer 28

Tenderness on the point of injury, found by gently palpating along the bone with the tip of the finger

Question 29

Rapid swelling from a fracture usually indicates what?

Answer 29

Bleeding

Question 30

Ecchymosis

Answer 30

Discoloration of the skin, fractures are almost always associated with this

Question 31

Crepitus

Answer 31

A grating or grinding sensation of the bone rubbing together

Question 32

False motion

Answer 32

A point in the limb where there is no joint

Question 33

Dislocation

Answer 33

A disruption of a joint in which the bone ends are no longer in contact

Question 34

Reduce

Answer 34

Return to its normal position (associated with dislocations)

Question 35

Sprain

Answer 35

Occurs when a joint is twisted or stretched beyond its normal range of motion.

Question 36

What can a sprain injure?

Answer 36

Ligaments, articulations capsule, Sylvia membrane, and tendons crossing the joint.

Question 37

Strain

Answer 37

Stretching or tearing of the muscle and/or tendon, causing pain, swelling, and bruising of the soft tissues in the area.

Question 38

Amputation

Answer 38

An injury in which an extremity is completely severed from the body

Question 39

Static nerve

Answer 39

The major nerve to the lower extremities; controls much of muscle function in the leg and sensation in most of the leg and foot