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EMT > Chapter 15 > Flashcards

Chapter 15 Flashcards

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1
Q

Dyspnea

A

When a patient reports shortness of breath or has difficulty breathing

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2
Q

Signs of normal breathing

A
  • normal rate (adult: 15-20; child: 15-30; infant:20-50)
  • a regular pattern of inhalation and exhalation
  • clear and equal breath sounds on both sides of the chest
  • regular and equal chest rise and fall
  • adequate depth (tidal volume)
  • unlabeled; without adventitious (abnormal) breath sounds (wheezing, stridor)
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3
Q

Upper airway

A

Pharynx
Mouth
Epiglottis
Larynx

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4
Q

Carbon dioxide retention

A

A condition characterized by a chronically high blood level of carbon dioxide in which the respiratory center no longer responds to high blood levels of carbon

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5
Q

Signs and symptoms of asthma

A
  • Wheezing on inspiration/expiration

- Bronchospasm

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6
Q

Signs and symptoms for anaphylaxis

A
  • flushed shin or hives
  • generalized edema
  • decreased blood pressure (hypotension)
  • laryngeal edema with dyspnea
  • wheezing or stridor
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7
Q

Signs and symptoms for bronchiolitis

A
  • shortness of breath
  • wheezing
  • coughing
  • fever
  • dehydration
  • tachypnea (increased respiration rate)
  • tachycardia
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8
Q

Signs and symptoms of bronchitis

A
  • chronic cough (with sputum production)
  • wheezing
  • cyanosis
  • tachypnea (increased breathing rate)
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9
Q

Signs and symptoms for congestive heart failure

A
  • dependent edema
  • crackles (pulmonary edema)
  • orthopnea (severe dyspnea experienced when lying down and relieved by sitting up)
  • Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (severe shortness of breath, especially at night after several hours of reclining; the person is forced to sit up to breathe.
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10
Q

Signs and symptoms of common cold

A
  • cough
  • runny or stuffy nose
  • sore throat
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11
Q

Signs and symptoms of croup

A
  • fever
  • barking cough
  • stridor
  • mostly seen in pediatric patients
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12
Q

Signs and symptoms of diphtheria

A
  • difficulty breathing and swallowing
  • sore throat
  • thick, gray buildup in throat or nose
  • fever
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13
Q

Diphtheria

A

An infectious disease in which a membrane forms, lining the pharynx; this lining can severely obstruct the passage of air into the larynx.

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14
Q

Signs and symptoms of emphysema

A
  • barrel chest
  • pursed lip breathing
  • dyspnea on exertion
  • cyanosis
  • wheezing/decreased breath sounds
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15
Q

Signs and symptoms of epiglottitis

A
  • dyspnea
  • high fever
  • stridor
  • drooling
  • difficulty swallowing
  • severe sore throat
  • tripod or sniffing position
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16
Q

Signs and symptoms for influenza type A

A
  • cough
  • fever
  • sore throat
  • fatigue
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17
Q

Signs and symptoms of pertussis (whooping cough)

A
  • coughing spells
  • whooping sounds
  • fever
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18
Q

Signs and symptoms of pneumonia

A
  • dyspnea
  • chills, fever
  • cough
  • green, red, or rust colored sputum
  • localized wheezing or crackles
19
Q

Signs and symptoms of a pneumothorax

A
  • sudden chest pain with dyspnea
  • decreased breath sounds (affected side)
  • subcutaneous emphysema
20
Q

Signs and symptoms of pulmonary embolus

A
  • sharp chest pain
  • sudden onset
  • dyspnea
  • tachycardia
  • clear breath sounds initially
21
Q

Signs and symptoms of attention pneumothorax

A
  • severe shortness of breath
  • decreased/altered level of consciousness
  • neck vein distention
  • tracheal deviation (late sign)
  • hypotension; sighs of shock (late sign)
22
Q

Signs and symptoms of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)

A
  • cough
  • wheezing
  • fever
  • dehydration
23
Q

Signs and symptoms of tuberculosis (TB)

A
  • cough
  • fever
  • fatigue
  • productive/bloody sputum
24
Q

Patients often have breathing difficulty and/or hypoxia with the following medical conditions:

A
  • pulmonary edema
  • hay fever
  • pleural effusion
  • obstruction of the airway
  • hyperventilation syndrome
  • environmental/industrial exposure
  • carbon monoxide poisoning
  • drug overdose
25
Q

Croup

A

Caused by inflammation and swelling of the pharynx, larynx, and trachea

26
Q

Epiglottitis

A

A life-threatening inflammatory disease of epiglottis, the small flap in back of throat that protects the larynx and trachea from swallowing

27
Q

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)

A

Causes infection in the lungs and breathing passages and can lead to other serious illnesses such as bronchiolitis and pneumonia

28
Q

Bronchiolitis

A

A respiratory illness that often occurs due to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection and results in severe inflammation of the bronchioles.

29
Q

Pneumonia

A

A general term that refers to infection in the lungs

30
Q

Influenza type A

A

An animal respiratory disease that has mutated to infect humans

31
Q

Pulmonary edema

A

Buildup of fluid in the lungs, usually as a result of congestive heart failure

32
Q

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

A

A slow process of dilation and disruption of the airways and alveoli caused by chronic bronchial obstructions

33
Q

Chronic bronchitis

A

Ongoing irritation of the trachea and bronchi

34
Q

Emphysema

A

Common form of COPD, emphysema is a loss of the elastic material in the lungs that occurs when the alveolar air spaces are chronically stretched due to inflamed airways and obstructions of airflow out of the lugs

35
Q

Asthma

A

An acute spasm of the bronchioles associated with excessive mucus production and swelling of the mucous lining of the respiratory passages

36
Q

Pneumothorax

A

A partial or complete accumulation of air in the pleural space

37
Q

Pleuritic chest pain

A

A sharp stabbing pain on one side that is worse during inspiration and expiration or with certain movement of the chest wall.

38
Q

Pleural effusion

A

A collection of fluid outside the lung on one or both sides of the chest. It compresses the lung or lungs and causes dyspnea

39
Q

Embolus

A

Anything in the circulatory system that moves from its point of origin to a distant site and lodges there, obstructing subsequent blood flow in that area

40
Q

Pulmonary embolism

A

A blood clot formed in a vein, usually in the legs or pelvis, that breaks off and circulates through the venous system, moves through the right side of the heart into the pulmonary artery and become lodged and significantly obstruct blood flow

41
Q

Hyperventilation

A

Over breathing to the point that the level of arterial carbon dioxide falls below normal.

42
Q

Acidosis

A

The buildup of exec acid in the blood or body tissues that result from the primary illness.

43
Q

Alkalosis

A

Buildup of excess base (lack of acids) in the body fluids

EMT (26 decks)

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