Chapter 12 - Shock Flashcards
Shock
Describes a state of collapse and failure of the cardiovascular system
Homeostasis
A balance of all systems of the body
Perfusion
The circulation of blood within an organ or tissue in adequate amounts to meet the cells’ current needs for oxygen, nutrients, and waste removal.
The cardiovascular system consists of three parts:
The pump (heart) The container (vessels) The contents (blood)
Pulse pressure
Is the difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures
(Systolic - diastolic= pulse pressure)
How is blood flow regulated through the capillary beds?
Capillary sphincters (Circular muscular walls that constrict and dilate.
What controls the capillary sphincters?
The autonomic nervous system
What does the autonomic nervous system do?
Regulates involuntary functions such as sweating and digestion.
Pump failure consists of what kind of shock?
Cardiogenic shock
Obstructive shock
Poor vessel function consists of what kind of shock?
Distributive shock
Low fluid volume consists of what kind of shock?
Hypovolemic shock
Cardiogenic shock
Caused by inadequate function of the heart, or pump failure.
Edema
The presence of abnormally large amounts of fluid between cells in body tissues, causing swelling of affected area.
Myocardial contractility
The ability of the heart muscle to contract
Preload
The precontraction pressure
After load
The force of resistance against which the heart pumps.
Obstructive shock
Caused by a mechanical obstruction which prevents an adequate volume of blood to fill the heart chambers.
Pericardial effusion
A collection of fluid between the pericardial sac and the myocardium.
Cardiac tamponade
When the fluid from the pericardial effusion becomes larg enough to prevent the ventricles from filling with blood.
Pulmonary embolism
The blood clot that occurs in the pulmonary circulation and blocks the flow of blood through the pulmonary vessels
Distributive shock
Results when there is widespread dilation of the small arterioles, small venues, or both.
Septic shock
Occurs as a result of severe infections, usually bacterial, in which toxins (poisons) are generated by the bacteria or by infected body tissues.
Neurogenic shock
Usually result of high spinal cord injury.
Anaphylaxis or anaphylactic shock
Occurs when a person reacts violently to a substance to which he or she has been sensitized.
Sensitization
Means becoming sensitive to a substance that did not initially cause a reaction.
Cyanosis
Blue discoloration of the skin
Psychogenic shock
A sudden reaction fo the nervous system that produces a temporary, generalized vascular dilation, resulting in fainting
Syncope
Fainting
Hypovolemic shock
Result of an inadequate amount of fluid or volume in the circulatory system.
Can also occur when there are thermal burns
Compensated shock
The early stage of shock while the body can still compensate for blood loss
Decompensated shock
The late stage when blood pressure is falling.
