Chapter 29- Chest Injuries Flashcards

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1
Q

The thin membrane that covered each of the lungs and the thoracic cavity.

A

Pleura

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2
Q

The muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity.

A

The diaphragm

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3
Q

The nerve that supplies the diaphragm

A

Phrenic nerve

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4
Q

Where does the phrenic nerve exit the spinal cord?

A

C3, C4, and C5

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5
Q

Patients with spinal cord injuries at C3, or above can lose their ability to…

A

Breathe entirely.

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6
Q

Minute volume

A

The amount of air that enters the lungs within a minute.

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7
Q

Closed chest injury

A

Injury in which the skin is not broken

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8
Q

If the heart is damaged by contusions it can cause

A

Cardiogenic shock

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9
Q

Bruising in the lungs can lead to

A

Less surface area for oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange, leading to hypoxia and/or hypercarbia

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10
Q

Open chest injury

A

Something that penetrates the chest wall itself.

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11
Q

Signs and symptoms of chest injury

A
  • pain at the site of injury
  • bruising to the chest wall
  • localized chest pain with increased breathing
  • crepitus
  • any penetrating injury
  • dyspnea
  • hemoptysis (coughing up blood)
  • failure of one or both sides of the chest to expand normally with inspiration
  • rapid, weak pulse and low blood pressure
  • cyanosis around the lips or fingernails
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12
Q

Tachypnea

A

Rapid respirations

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13
Q

Patients with chest injuries often have tachypnea and shallow respirations because…

A

It hurts to take a deep breath.

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14
Q

Paradoxical potion

A

The motion of the portion of the chest wall that s detached in a flail chest

Basically the opposite of normal chest wall movements

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15
Q

Occlusive dressing

A

An airtight dressing that protects a wound from air and bacteria

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16
Q

Questions about the event surrounding the incident should focus on the…

A

MOI

17
Q

Pneumothorax

A

Commonly called a collapsed lung

Condition where air entered through a hole in the chest wall or the surface of the lung as the patient attempts to breathe, causing the lung on that side to collapse.

18
Q

Absent breathe sounds in chest trauma can indicate

A

A pneumothorax or a tension pneumothorax.

19
Q

Open pneumothorax/ sucking chest wound

A

An open penetrating wound to the chest wall

20
Q

The purpose of dressing a chest wound is too…

A

Seal the wound and prevent air from being sucked into the chest through the wound.

21
Q

Flutter valve

A

Part of vented occlusive dressing, allows air to leave the chest cavity but not return.

22
Q

Simple pneumothorax

A

Any pneumothorax that does not result in major changes in the patient’s cardiac physiology

23
Q

Tension pneumothorax

A

A pneumothorax that has progressively increased pressure in the chest that interferes with cardiac function with potentially fatal results.

24
Q

Patients with a tension pneumothorax will exhibit:

A
  • chest pain
  • tachycardia
  • respiratory distress
  • absent lung sounds
  • JDV
  • tracheal deviation
25
Q

Hemothorax

A

Where blood collects in the pleural space from bleeding around the rib cage or from a lug or great vessel.

26
Q

Suspect a hemothorax when;

A

The patient has signs and symptoms of shock without any obvious external bleeding or apparent reason for the shock state

Or decreased breath sounds on the affected side

27
Q

The presence of air and blood in the pleural space:

A

Hemopneumothorax

28
Q

Cardiac tamponade

A

Occurs when the protective membrane around the heart fills with blood or fluid, compressing the heart and dramatically affecting its ability to pump blood throughout the body.

29
Q

A condition in which three or more ribs are fractured in two or more places or in association with a fracture of the sternum so that a segment of the chest wall is effectively detached from the rest of the thoracic cage

A

Flail chest

30
Q

Pulmonary contusion

A

Injury or bruising of lung tissue that results in hemorrhage

Always expect this with patients who have a flail chest

31
Q

A pattern of injuries seen after a severe force is applied to the chest, forcing blood from the great vessels back into the head and neck

A

Traumatic asphyxia

32
Q

Myocardial contusion

A

Bruising of the heart muscle

33
Q

Commotio cordis

A

A blunt chest injury caused by a sudden, direct blow to the chest (over the heart) that occurs only during a critical portion of a person’s heartbeat