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Biology 2 > Chapter 33,34 > Flashcards

Chapter 33,34 Flashcards

1
Q

Out of the 11 Major Phyla only 1 of them are not _______

that phyla is Porifera

A

Eumetazoa

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2
Q

_______ (sponges) = only phyla that is in the Parazoa

A

Porifera

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3
Q

1.Porifera

Common name: ______

A

Sponges

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4
Q

1.Porifera - Body Plan

A

Loosely organized and lack tissues

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5
Q

1.Porifera - Physiology
________ (endoderm) like spongocoel.
trap and eat small particles and plankton

A

Choanocytes

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6
Q

1.Porifera - Asexual

Small fragment may ____ and form a new bud

A

Detach

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7
Q

Deuterostome:
______ cleavage
cleavage is indeterminate pluripotent stem cells
Blastopore becomes _____

A

Radial

Anus

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8
Q

Protostome:
______ cleavage
Cleavage determirate
Blastopore becomes _____

A

Spiral

Mouth

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9
Q

2.______ (jellyfish) and ________ (comb jellies) = Radiata

A

Phyla Cnidaria and Ctenophora

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10
Q

2.Cnidaria and Ctenophora - Body Plan:

A

Radial Symmerty

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11
Q 
2.Cnidaria and Ctenophora - Germ layers.
Only 2 embryonic germ layers
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and \_\_\_\_\_\_\_
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ connects layers
First clad with true tissues
A

Ectoderm and Endoderm

Mesoglea

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12
Q

_______ connects layers

A

Mesoglea

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13
Q

2.Cnidaria and Ctenophora - Physiology
__________ _____ for extracellular digestion
allows ingestion of larger food particles
______ ____ ____ arranged in nerve net
no central control organ

A

Gastrovascular cavity

True nerve cell

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14
Q

Platyhelminthes (flatworms) are among the first animals with active ______ lifestyles

A

Predatory lifestyle

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15
Q

2.Cnidaria - Body Plan:

______ _____: tubular body with tentacles surrounding openings (mouth and anus)

A

Sessile Polyp

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16
Q

2.Cnidaria - Body Plan:

_______ _____: umbrella-shaped body with a mouth surrounded by tentacles.

A

Motile Medusa

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17
Q

2.Cnidaria - Physiology:

________(in tentacles) contain ________(stingers)

A

Cnidocytes contain nematocysts

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18
Q

2.Ctenophora: Comb Jellies

Two long tentacles without ________ (stingers)

A

nematocysts

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19
Q

2.Ctenophora - Physiology:
Glows from __________
Reproduction: sexual, ________

A

Bioluminescent

Hermaphroditic

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20
Q

3.________ (Flatworms)

A

Platyhelminthes

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21
Q

3.Platyhelminthes - Body Plan:

__________ symmertrical with a head

A

Bilaterally

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22
Q

3.Platyhelminthes - Body Plan:

_______ - Lacking fluid-filled cavity

A

Acoelomate

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23
Q

3.Platyhelminthes - Physiology:

Distinct excretory system with _________ and flame cells(removes waste)

A

Protonephridia (salt filter)

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24
Q

3.Platyhelminthes - Physiology:

Light sensitive eyespots or _____

A

ocelli

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25
Q

3.Platyhelminthes 4 classes: (learning 2)
_________ - Tapeworms, Taeniasis, Parasitic
_________ - Flukes, parasitic

A

Cestoda

Trematoda

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26
Q

Chines liver fluke _________ ______

A

Clonorchis sinensis

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27
Q

5._______ named for ciliated crown or corona

A

Rotifera

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28
Q

5.Rotifera - Body plan: ________ symmetry

body cavity ______

A

Bilateral

pseudocoelom

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29
Q

5.Rotifera - Physiology
Digestive tract with mouth and anus.
_______ - breaks the food by rubbing it down

A

Mastax

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30
Q

5.Rotifera - Physiology

Protonephridia with Flame _____ or _____ (bulbs or cell)

A

Flame Bulbs

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31
Q

5.Rotifera - Reproduction

is unique and does ____

A

Parthenogenesis

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32
Q

________
unfertilized diploid eggs developed into females
unfertilized haploid eggs developed into short lived males

A

Parthenogenesis

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33
Q

4.________ Common name: feeding tentacle or tube worm

A

Lophophorata

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34
Q

4.Lophophorata - Body Plan: ________

body cavity: _______

A

Bilateral

True Coelom

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35
Q

4.Lophophorata - Physiology

All possess a ________. Ciliary feeding device that also functions in respiration

A

Lophophore

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36
Q

6.______ Soft body with, in many species, protective external shell.

A

Mollusca

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37
Q

6.Mollusca - body parts. 3

_____, _____, and _____

A

Foot
Visceral mass
mantle

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38
Q

6.Mollusca - body type

_____ confined to small area around heart. Open circulatory system

A

Coelom

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39
Q

6.Mollusca - Physiology: __________ (is a type of excretory gland)

A

Metanephridia

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40
Q

6.Mollusca - Physiology:

_______ - unique tongue-like organ

A

Radula

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41
Q 
6.Mollusca - Family
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ - Chitons
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ - Snails, slugs and nudibranchs
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_- Clams, mussels, oysters
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_- Octopuses, squids, and nautiluses
A

Polyplacophorans
Gastopods
Bivalves
Cephalopods

42
Q

8.______. Rings are distinct segments separated by a septum

43
Q

8.Annelida - Body Plan:

Segmentation has advantages

A

Segmentation has advantages

44
Q

8.Annelida - Body type

______, acts as hydrostic skeleton and permits specialization.

45
Q

8.Annelida -Physiology: ______ _____ system.

Circulatory system and coelomic fluid carries.

A

double transport system

46
Q

8.Annelida -Physiology:

______ ______ complete and unsegmented. has a mouth all the way to the anus set.

A

Digestion system

47
Q

8.Annelida - family
______- marine worms
______- Terrestrial and freshwater worms

A

Polychaeta

Clittelata

48
Q

(aka molting)
the process of shedding the old skin (in reptiles) or casting off the outer cuticle (in insects and other arthropods). (aka molting)

49
Q

7._____: round worms

50
Q

7.Nematoda - Physiology

Tough _____ cuticle covers bodys.

51
Q

Collagen is a _______ matrix. Exoskeleton or bones.

52
Q

7.Nematoda - Physiology

Complete digestive tract called a ____

53
Q

9.______:Perhaps most successful phylum 75%

(¾) of all described living species

A

Arthropoda

54
Q

9.Arthropoda - Body plan

success related to body plan permits them to live in all ____ ____

A

major biomes

55
Q

9.Arthropoda - Body plan: segmented

_______- fused body segments

56
Q

9.Arthropoda - Body plan:

Compound eyes - _______

57
Q

9.Arthropoda - Physiology:
Exoskeleton made of _____ and protein.
Can be extremely tough or soft and flexible
Relatively impermeable to water

58
Q

9.Arthropoda - Physiology:

Excretion: ________.

A

Metanephridia

59
Q

9.Arthropoda - Classes/family:
_______-Extinct early, arthropods, bottom feeders.
_______-Arachnids. Spiders/Scorpions and ticks/mites.
_______-Insects
_______-Crabs, lobsters, barnacles and shrimp

A

Trilobita
Chelicerata
Hexapoda
Crustacea

60
Q

10.__________-Sea stars, uchins ….

A

Echinodermata

61
Q

10.Echinodermata - Body plan.

Modifie _____ symmetry – 5 parts

62
Q

10.Echinodermata - Physiology:

_________ absent. no brain

A

Cephalization

63
Q

11._________-sea squirts, water filter feeders.

64
Q

11.Chordata - body plan:
________ – single flexible rod
Dorsal hollow nerve cord
Pharyngeal slits

65
Q

Craniates two defining characteristics compared to invertebrates chordates.
_______ : protective bony or cartilaginous housing for brain
_______ : embryonic cells that will disperse throughout the embryo contributing to the development of the skeleton, jaw, and teeth

A

Cranium

Neural Crest

66
Q

The cranium and every bone but the teeth are form by the ___derm
The teeth are formed by the ___derm

A

Ectoderm

Endoderm

67
Q

________ _____: notochord is replaced by a bony or cartilaginous column of interlocking vertebrae

A

Vertebral Column

68
Q

___________ (cartilage or bone)

Most also have two pairs of appendages

A

Endoskeleton

69
Q

__________ ______: Liver , Kidneys, endocrine glands

A

Internal Organs

70
Q

Liver is unique to ______

A

Vertebrates

71
Q

Most fishes have how much chambers in their Heart?

A

2 chambers

72
Q

1/9 _______:
Common name: Hagfish
Description: __less, __less, marine fish that lack vertebrae

A

Myxini
Jawless
Finless

73
Q

1/9. Myxini
Physiology: _______ (a cartilaginous skeletal rod)
and cartilaginus skull
Essentially blind with keen sense of smell
Copious amount of slime

74
Q

2/9 ________:
Common name: Lampreys
Body plan: Lack hinged ___ and true appendfages
One of the earliest diverging group of vertebrates

A

Petromyzontida

Jaw

75
Q

________ = Jawless

76
Q

________= Jawed verebrates

A

Gnathostomes

77
Q

3/9 ________:
Common name: Cartilaginous Fish
Sharks, Skates, Rays

A

Chondriethyes

78
Q

3/9. Chondriethyes
Heart is _# chambered: single circulation
_______ ____ - Pressure wave detection

A

2 chambered

Lateral Line

79
Q

Reproduction:
________: Lays Eggs
________: Egg retained in female, No placenta\
________: Egg develop in Uterus, placenta Nourishes young
(sharks have tried different kinds of reproduction)

A

Oviparous
Ovoviparous
Viviparous

80
Q 
4/9 \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_:
Common name: Three Living Classes
4/9. Actinopterygii - Ray finned fish
5/9. Actinistia - Lung Fish
6/9. Dipnoi - Lungfish
A

Osterichthytes

81
Q

4/9. Osterichthytes
1/3 (4/9) _______: Ray-finned fish
Includes all bony fish but Coelocanths and Lungfish
Fins supported by thin, bony, flexible rays

A

Actinopteygii

82
Q

4/9. Osterichthytes
2/3 (5/9) _______: Coelacanths
Believed extinct untill 1938
Special joint in skill gives Powerful bite
Swim bladder filled with oil rather than gas

A

Actinistia

83
Q 
4/9. Osterichthytes
3/3 (6/9)\_\_\_\_\_\_\_: Lungfish
Live in oxygen-poor fresh water
Both gills and lungs
will drown if unable to breathe air
Muscular Lobe fins
84
Q

Three features differ from Chondricthyes (sharks, skates, rays) to Osterichthytes (Bony fish)

1) the Osterichthytes have a ____ skeleton
2) the Osterichthytes have ______ that covers gills
3) the Osterichthytes have a ___ ___ for buoyancy

A

Bony skeleton
Operculum
Swim bladder

85
Q

Tetrapods: different from 1-4 and 5-9 classes
Transition to land meant adaptation to:
1) Prevent ______ (dryness or drying out)
2) For ______ and locomotion
3) Allows _______ on land possible

A

Prevent desiccation
Movement and locomotion
Reproduction on land possible

86
Q

7/9. _______: the amphibians
successfully invaded land but must return to water to reproduce
Derived from the “lobe-finned fishes” (group largely extinct)

87
Q

7/9. Amphibia
Physiology: _____ _____ to force air into lungs
Skin can absorb oxygen (______ _____)
How much chambers in their Heart? _#

A

Buccal pumping
Eutaneous respiration
3 chambered heart

88
Q

7/9. Amphibia
Order ___
Frogs and Toads
Nearly 90% of amphibians

89
Q

7/9. Amphibia
Order ___
Salamanders

90
Q 
7/9. Amphibia
Order \_\_\_
Caecilians
Nearly blind, tropical burrowers
Legless
A

Gymnophiona

Gymno = Naked

91
Q

The Egg

______ have an amniotic egg: cannot dry out.

92
Q

The Egg
4 extra-embryonic membranes
______: (innermost) protects embryo in amniotic cavity
______: (fats)
______: protein = nutrients
______: Disposal of wastes
______: (outermost) with allantois for gas exchange. (warps the embryo, fat, and waste together)

A

Amnion
Yolk Sac
Allantois
Chorion

93
Q

3 living Amniotes

1) ____
2) ____
3) ____

A

Reptiles
bird
and
Mammals

94
Q

8/9. _____ the reptiles
Truly terrestrial
First dinosaurs are more than need for metabolism to generate warmth

95
Q

8/9. Reptilia
1/5. Class _______: turtles, tortoises and terrapins
virtually unchanged for 200 million years
Hard protective shell. Vertebrae and ribs fused with shield
Lack teeth but Sharp Beak

A

Testudines

96
Q

8/9. Reptilia
2/5. Class _______: Lizards and snakes
Kinetic skill with extremely mobile joints
Lizards have move-able eyelids and external ears while snakes dont

A

Lepidosauria

97
Q

8/9. Reptilia
3/5. Class _______: (sub-phylum archosaurians, with the dinosaurs)
Crocodiles and Alligaters
essentially unchanged for 200million years
Heart chambers _#

A

Crocodilia

has 4 heart chambers

98
Q

8/9. Reptilia
4/5. Dinosaurs (many classes)
1/2. Class _______ : bird-hipped Dino’s
2/2. Class _______: lizard-hipped Dino’s

A

Class Ornithischia

Class Saurischia

99
Q 
8/9. Reptilia
3/5. Class \_\_\_\_\_\_\_: bird
\_\_\_\_\_\_- modified scales to keep bird warm and keep the ability of flight
\_\_\_\_\_\_- Very efficient breathing
\_\_\_\_\_\_- single ovary, no urinary bladder
A

Class Aves

Feathers
Air Sacs
Reduction of organs

100
Q 
9/9 \_\_\_\_\_\_: the mammals
Mammary glands secrete \_\_\_\_\_
All mammals have (more or less) \_\_\_
Only vertebrates with specialized \_\_\_
\_\_\_\_\_: specialized transfer organ between fetus and mother
Lastly an enlarged \_\_\_\_
A

Mammalia

Milk
Hair
Teeth
Skull

101
Q

Homeotic = Hox gene ______ development

A

Pattern development

Biology 2 (9 decks)

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