Chapter 26 Taxonomy and Systematics Flashcards
_________ is the evolutionary history of a species or group of related species.
Phylogeny
________ classifies organisms and determines their evolutionary relationships.
Systematics
Systematics uses _____, _______, and _________ to infer evolutionary relationships.
fossil
molecular
genetic data
Phylogenies show _________ _______
evolutionary relationships
________ is the ordered division and naming of organisms
Taxonomy
The two-part scientific name of a species is called a _______ _______
binomial nomenclature
The first part of the name is the _____
genus
The second part of the name is unique for each ______ within the genus
species
the second part of the name is also called the ____ _____
specific epithet
The first letter of the genus is _________
capitalized
The entire species name is ______
italicized
If writing or printing by hand, the entire species name is ________
underlined
_____ introduced a system for grouping species in increasingly broad categories
Linnaeus
(Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya): the broadest
Domain
(Animalia, Plantae, Protista, Fungi)
Kingdom
(Broad divisions within each kingdom) (sometimes called “Division”
Phylum
(Close relation between members within a phylum)
Class
Order
Order
(Many characteristics shared in common)
Family
(‘First cousins’)
Genus
(Two within the same species can produce fertile offspring)
Species
DoK PaCOF GoeS
Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
A taxonomic unit at any level of hierarchy is called a ______
Taxon
_____ ____ are groups that share an immediate common ancestor
Sister taxa
A _____is a branch from which more than two groups emerge
polytomy
Phylogenetic trees (do or dont) show patterns of descent
they Do show
Phylogenetic trees (do or dont) indicate when species evolved
they don’t show
Phylogenetic trees (do or dont) show how much genetic change occurred in a lineage
they don’t show
______ provides important information about similar characteristics in closely related species
Phylogeny
________ groups organisms by common descent
Cladistics
A _____ is a group of species that includes an ancestral species and all its descendants
Clade
A ______ _______ _______ is a character that originated in an ancestor of the taxon
shared ancestral character
A ______ ______ _____ is an evolutionary novelty unique to a particular clade
shared derived character
_______ Is similarity due to shared ancestry
Homology
________ is similarity due to Convergent Evolution
Analogy
_______ ______ occurs when similar environmental pressures and natural selection produce similar (analogous) adaptations in organisms.
Convergent evolution
An organisms evolutionary history is documented in its
Genome
DNA that codes for ____ ______ changes relatively slowly and useful for investigating branching points hundreds of millions of years ago.
rRNA (ribosomal RNA)
DNA that evolves rapidly and can be used to explore recent evolutionary events is called _____
mtDNA (mitochondrial DNA)
The more complex two similar structures are…
the more homologous
