Chapter 26 Taxonomy and Systematics

Question 1

_________ is the evolutionary history of a species or group of related species.

Answer 1

Phylogeny

Question 2

________ classifies organisms and determines their evolutionary relationships.

Answer 2

Systematics

Question 3

Systematics uses _____, _______, and _________ to infer evolutionary relationships.

Answer 3

fossil
molecular
genetic data

Question 4

Phylogenies show _________ _______

Answer 4

evolutionary relationships

Question 5

________ is the ordered division and naming of organisms

Answer 5

Taxonomy

Question 6

The two-part scientific name of a species is called a _______ _______

Answer 6

binomial nomenclature

Question 7

The first part of the name is the _____

Answer 7

genus

Question 8

The second part of the name is unique for each ______ within the genus

Answer 8

species

Question 9

the second part of the name is also called the ____ _____

Answer 9

specific epithet

Question 10

The first letter of the genus is _________

Answer 10

capitalized

Question 11

The entire species name is ______

Answer 11

italicized

Question 12

If writing or printing by hand, the entire species name is ________

Answer 12

underlined

Question 13

_____ introduced a system for grouping species in increasingly broad categories

Answer 13

Linnaeus

Question 14

(Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya): the broadest

Answer 14

Domain

Question 15

(Animalia, Plantae, Protista, Fungi)

Answer 15

Kingdom

Question 16

(Broad divisions within each kingdom) (sometimes called “Division”

Answer 16

Phylum

Question 17

(Close relation between members within a phylum)

Answer 17

Class

Question 18

Order

Answer 18

Order

Question 19

(Many characteristics shared in common)

Answer 19

Family

Question 20

(‘First cousins’)

Answer 20

Genus

Question 21

(Two within the same species can produce fertile offspring)

Answer 21

Species

Question 22

DoK PaCOF GoeS

Answer 22

Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

Question 23

A taxonomic unit at any level of hierarchy is called a ______

Answer 23

Taxon

Question 24

_____ ____ are groups that share an immediate common ancestor

Answer 24

Sister taxa

Question 25

A _____is a branch from which more than two groups emerge

Answer 25

polytomy

Question 26

Phylogenetic trees (do or dont) show patterns of descent

Answer 26

they Do show

Question 27

Phylogenetic trees (do or dont) indicate when species evolved

Answer 27

they don’t show

Question 28

Phylogenetic trees (do or dont) show how much genetic change occurred in a lineage

Answer 28

they don’t show

Question 29

______ provides important information about similar characteristics in closely related species

Answer 29

Phylogeny

Question 30

________ groups organisms by common descent

Answer 30

Cladistics

Question 31

A _____ is a group of species that includes an ancestral species and all its descendants

Answer 31

Clade

Question 32

A ______ _______ _______ is a character that originated in an ancestor of the taxon

Answer 32

shared ancestral character

Question 33

A ______ ______ _____ is an evolutionary novelty unique to a particular clade

Answer 33

shared derived character

Question 34

_______ Is similarity due to shared ancestry

Answer 34

Homology

Question 35

________ is similarity due to Convergent Evolution

Answer 35

Analogy

Question 36

_______ ______ occurs when similar environmental pressures and natural selection produce similar (analogous) adaptations in organisms.

Answer 36

Convergent evolution

Question 37

An organisms evolutionary history is documented in its

Answer 37

Genome

Question 38

DNA that codes for ____ ______ changes relatively slowly and useful for investigating branching points hundreds of millions of years ago.

Answer 38

rRNA (ribosomal RNA)

Question 39

DNA that evolves rapidly and can be used to explore recent evolutionary events is called _____

Answer 39

mtDNA (mitochondrial DNA)

Question 40

The more complex two similar structures are…

Answer 40

the more homologous