Chapter 31- Confronting Global and National Dilemmas

Question 1

A network of radical Islamic terrorists organized by Osama Bin Laden, who issued a call for holy war against Americans and their allies. Members of Al Qaeda were responsible for the 9/11 terrorists attack.

Answer 1

Al Qaeda

Question 2

The spread of political, cultural, and economic influences and connections among countries, businesses, and individuals around the world through trade, immigration, communication, and other means.

Answer 2

globalization

Question 3

International economic body established in 1955 through the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade to enforce substantial tariff and import quota reductions.

Answer 3

World Trade Organization

Question 4

An international organization of the leading capitalist industrial nations: the United States, Britain, Germany, France, Italy, Japan, Canada, and Russia. The G8 largely controlled the world’s major international financial organizations: the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, and the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade.

Answer 4

Group of Eight

Question 5

A 1993 treaty that eliminated all tariffs and trade barriers among the United States, Canada, and Mexico.

Answer 5

North American Free Trade Agreement

Question 6

Corporations with offices and factories in multiple countries, which expanded to find new markets and cheaper sources of labor. Globalization was made possible by the proliferation of these multinational corporations.

Answer 6

multinational corporations

Question 7

A decentralized computer network developed in the late 1960s by the U.S. Department of Defense in conjunction with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. The Internet grew out of the ARPANET.

Answer 7

Advanced Research Projects Agency Network

Question 8

A collection of interlinked computer servers that debuted in 1991, allowing access by millions to documents, pictures, and other materials.

Answer 8

World Wide Web

Question 9

A term used by Patrick Buchanan in 1992 to describe a long standing political struggle, dating to the 1920s, between religious traditionalists and secular liberals. Social issues such as abortion rights and the rights of lesbians and gay men divided these groups.

Answer 9

culture war

Question 10

A 1965 law that eliminated the discriminatory 1924 nationality quotas, established a slightly higher total limit on immigration, included provisions to ease the entry of immigrants with skills in high demand, and allowed immediate family members of legal residents in the U.S. to be admitted outside of the total numerical limit.

Answer 10

Immigration and Nationality Act

Question 11

The promotion of diversity in gender, race, ethnicity, religion, and sexual orientation. This political and social policy became increasingly popular in the U.S. during the 1980s post-civil rights era.

Answer 11

multiculturalism

Question 12

A proposition approved by CA voters in 1996 that outlawed affirmative action in state employment and public education.

Answer 12

Proposition 209

Question 13

A movement founded by religious activist Randall Terry in 1987 that mounted protests outside abortion clinics and harassed their staffs and clients.

Answer 13

Operation Rescue

Question 14

A law enacted by Congress in 1998 that allowed states to refuse to recognize gay marriages or civil unions formed in other jurisdictions. The Supreme Court ruled that DOMA was unconstitutional in 2013.

Answer 14

Defense of Marriage Act

Question 15

1998 Supreme Court ruling that upheld the authority of state governments to limit the use of public funds and facilities for abortions.

Answer 15

Webster v. Reproductive Health Services

Question 16

A 1992 Supreme Court case that upheld a law requiring a 24 hour waiting period prior to an abortion. Although the decision upheld certain restrictions on abortions, it affirmed the “essential holding” in Roe v. Wade that women had a constitutional right to control their reproduction.

Answer 16

Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. Casey

Question 17

A 2003 landmark decision by the Supreme Court that limited the power of states to prohibit private homosexual activity between consenting adults.

Answer 17

Lawrence v. Texas

Question 18

Initiatives by Representative Newt Gingrich of Georgia for significant tax cuts, reductions in welfare programs, anticrime measures, and cutbacks in federal regulations.

Answer 18

Contract with America

Question 19

Legislation signed by President Clinton in 1996 that replaced Aid to Families with Dependent Children, the major welfare program dating to the New Deal era, with Temporary Assistance for Needy Families, which provided grants to the states to assist the poor and which limited welfare payments to two years, with a lifetime maximum of five years.

Answer 19

Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act

Question 20

Legislation introduced by President George W. Bush and passed by congress in 2001 that slashed income tax rates, extended the earned income credit for the poor, and marked the estate tax to be phased out by 2010.

Answer 20

Economic Growth and Tax Relief Act

Question 21

A 2001 law that gave the government new powers to monitor suspected terrorists and their associates, including the ability to access personal information.

Answer 21

USA PATRIOT Act

Question 22

A prison just outside Baghdad, Iraq, where American guards were photographed during the Iraq War abusing and torturing suspected insurgents.

Answer 22

Abu Ghraib prison

Question 23

An economic stimulus bill passed in 2009, in response to the Great Recession, that provided $787 billion to state and local governments for schools, hospitals, and transportation projects. It was one of the largest single packages of government spending in American history.

Answer 23

American Recovery and Reinvestment Act

Question 24

A set of far-right opposition groups that emerged during President Obama’s first term and gave voice to the extreme individualism and antigovernment sentiment traditionally associated with right-wing movements in the U.S.

Answer 24

Tea Party

Question 25

Sweeping 2010 healthcare reform bill championed by President Obama that established nearly universal health insurance by providing subsidies and compelling larger businesses to offer coverage to employees.

Answer 25

Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act