Chapter 28- Uncivil Wars: Liberal Crisis and Conservative Rebirth

Question 1

President Lyndon B. Johnson’s domestic program, which included civil rights legislation, antipoverty programs, government subsidy of government care, federal aid to education, consumer protection, and aid to the arts and humanities.

Answer 1

Great Society

Question 2

1964 at which created a series of programs, including Head Start to prepare disadvantaged preschoolers for kindergarten and Job Corps and Upward Bound to provide young people with training and employment, aimed at alleviating poverty and spurring economic growth in impoverished areas.

Answer 2

Economic Opportunity Act

Question 3

A health plan for the elderly passed in 1965 and funded by a surcharge on Social Security payroll taxes.

Answer 3

Medicare

Question 4

A health plan for the poor passed in 1965 and paid for by general tax revenues and administered by the states.

Answer 4

Medicaid

Question 5

Law that established the principal of equal pay for equal work. Trade union women were especially critical in pushing for, and winning, congressional passage of the law.

Answer 5

Equal Pay Act

Question 6

The title of an influential book written in 1963 by Betty Friedan critiquing the ideal whereby women were encouraged to confine themselves to roles within the domestic sphere.

Answer 6

The Feminine Mystique

Question 7

Commission appointed by President Kennedy in 1961, which issued a 1963 report documenting job and educational discrimination.

Answer 7

Presidential Commission on the Status of Women

Question 8

Women’s civil rights organization formed in 1966. Initially, NOW focused on eliminating gender discrimination in public institutions and the workplace, but by the 1970s it also embraced many of the issues raised by more radical feminists.

Answer 8

National Organization for Women

Question 9

Resolution passed by Congress in 1964 in the wake of a naval confrontation in the Gulf of Tonkin between the United States and North Vietnam. It gave the president virtually unlimited authority in conducting the Vietnam War. The senate terminated the resolution in 1971 following outrage over the U.S. invasion of Cambodia.

Answer 9

Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

Question 10

Massive bombing campaign against North Vietnam authorized by President Johnson in 1965; against expectations, it ended up hardening the will of the North Vietnamese to continue fighting.

Answer 10

Operation Rolling Thuder

Question 11

An organization for social change founded by college students in 1960.

Answer 11

Students for a Democratic Society

Question 12

A 1962 manifesto by Students for a Democratic Society from its first national convention in Port Huron, Michigan, expressing students’ disillusionment with the nation’s consumer culture and the gulf between rich and poor, as well as a rejection of Cold War foreign policy; including the war in Vietnam.

Answer 12

Port Huron Statement

Question 13

A term applied to radical students of the 1960s and the 1970s, distinguishing their activism from the Old Left- the communists and socialists of the 1930s and 1940s who tended to focus on economic and labor questions rather than cultural issues.

Answer 13

New Left

Question 14

The largest student political organization in the country, whose conservative members defended free enterprise and supported the war in Vietnam.

Answer 14

Young Americans for Freedom

Question 15

Drafted by founding member of the Young Americans for Freedom, this manifesto outlined the group’s principles and inspired young conservatives who would play important roles in the Reagan administration in the 1980s.

Answer 15

Sharon Statement

Question 16

A culture embracing values or lifestyles opposing those of the mainstream culture. Became synonymous with hippies, people who opposed and rejected conventional standards of society and advocated extreme liberalism in their sociopolitical attitudes and lifestyles.

Answer 16

counterculture

Question 17

Major campaign of attacks launched throughout South Vietnam in January 1968 by the North Vietnamese and Vietcong. A major turning point in the war, it exposed the credibility gap between official statements and the war’s reality, and it shook American’s confidence in the government.

Answer 17

Tet offensive

Question 18

Group founded by activist Latinos to protest the Vietnam War.

Answer 18

Chicano Moratorium Committee

Question 19

A new brand of feminism in the 1960s that attracted primarily younger, college-educated women fresh from the New Left, antiwar, and civil rights movements who sought to end to the denigration and exploitation of women.

Answer 19

women’s liberation

Question 20

A law passed by Congress in 1972 that broadened the 1964 Civil Rights Act to include educational institutions, prohibiting colleges and universities that received federal funds from discriminating on the basis of sex. By requiring comparable funding for sports programs, Title IX made women’s athletics a real presence on college campuses.

Answer 20

Title IX

Question 21

A two-day riot by Stonewall Inn patrons after the police raided the gay bar in New York’s Greenwich Village in 1969; the event contributed to the rapid rise of gay liberation movement.

Answer 21

Stonewall Inn

Question 22

Term derived from the title of a book by Ben J. Wattenberg and Richard Scammon and used by Nixon in a 1969 speech to describe those who supported his positions but did not publicly assert their voices, in contrast to those involved in the antiwar, civil rights, and women’s movements.

Answer 22

silent majority

Question 23

A new U.S. policy, devised under President Nixon in the early 1970s, of delegating the ground fighting to the South Vietnamese in the Vietnam War. American troop levels dropped and American casualties dropped correspondingly, but the killing in Vietnam continued.

Answer 23

Vietnamization

Question 24

The 1968 execution by U.S. Army troops of nearly 500 people in the South Vietnamese village of My Lai, including a large number of women and children.

Answer 24

My Lai

Question 25

The easing of conflict between the U.S. and the Soviet Union during the Nixon administration, which was achieved by focusing on issues of common concern, such as arms control and trade.

Answer 25

detente

Question 26

The Supreme Court under Chief Justice Ear Warren, which expanded the Constitution’s promise of equality and civil rights. It issued landmark decisions in the areas of civil rights, criminal rights, reproductive freedom, and separation of church and state.

Answer 26

Warren Court