Chapter 21- An Emerging World Power

Question 1

The idea that the United States has a unique destiny to foster democracy and civilization on the world stage.

Answer 1

American exceptionalism

Question 2

After the U.S. battle cruiser Maine exploded in Havana harbor, the New York Journal rallied its reader to “Remember the Maine,” galvanizing popular support for the U.S. war against Spain. Evidence of Spanish complicity in the explosion was not found; the likely cause was later found to have been internal to the ship.

Answer 2

“Remember the Maine”

Question 3

An amendment to the 1898 U.S. declaration of war against Spain disclaiming any intention by the United States to occupy Cuba. The amendment assured the public that the United States would uphold democracy abroad as well as at home.

Answer 3

Teller Amendment

Question 4

A set of Supreme Court rulings in 1901 that declared that the U.S. Constitution did not automatically extend citizenship to people in acquired territories; only Congress could decide whether to grant citizenship.

Answer 4

Insular Cases

Question 5

A 1902 amendment to the Cuban constitution that blocked Cuba from making a treaty with any country except the United States and gave the United States the right to intervene in Cuban affairs. The amendment was a condition for U.S. withdrawal from the newly independent island.

Answer 5

Platt Amendment

Question 6

A claim put forth by U.S. Secretary of State John Hay that all nations seeking to do business in China should have equal trade access.

Answer 6

open door policy

Question 7

A 1908 agreement between the United States and Japan confirming principles of free oceanic commerce and recognizing Japan’s authority over Manchuria.

Answer 7

Root-Takahira Agreement

Question 8

A canal across the Isthmus of Panama connecting trade between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. Built by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and opened in 1914 , the canal gave U.S. naval vessels quick access to the Pacific and provided the U.S. with a commanding position in the Western Hemisphere.

Answer 8

Panama Canal

Question 9

The 1904 assertion by President Theodore Roosevelt that the United States would act as a “policeman” in the Caribbean region and intervene in the affairs of nations that were guilty of “wrongdoing or impotence” in order to protect U.S. interests in Latin America.

Answer 9

Roosevelt Corollary

Question 10

A 1917 intercepted dispatch in which German foreign secretary Arthur Zimmermann urged Mexico to join the Central Powers and promised that if the U.S. entered the war, Germany would help Mexico recover Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona. Published by American newspapers, the telegram outraged the American public and helped precipitate the move toward U.S. entry in the war on the allied side.

Answer 10

Zimmermann telegram

Question 11

A federal board established in July 1917 to direct military production, including allocation of resources, conversion of factories to war production, and setting of prices.

Answer 11

War Industries Board

Question 12

A federal agency founded in 1918 that established an 8 hour day for war workers, endorsed equal pay for women, and supported workers’ right to organize.

Answer 12

National War Labor Board

Question 13

An organization set up by President Woodrow Wilson during World War 1 to increase support for America’s participation in the war. The CPI was a national propaganda machine that helped create a political climate intolerant of dissent.

Answer 13

Committee on Public Information

Question 14

Name given to thousandths of volunteers enlisted by the Committee on Public Information to deliver short prowar speeches at movie theaters, as part of an effort to galvanize public support for the war and suppress dissent.

Answer 14

Four-Minute Men

Question 15

Wartime law that prohibited any words or behavior that might promote resistance to the U.S. or help in the cause of its enemies.

Answer 15

Sedition Act of 1918

Question 16

The migration of over 400,000 African Americans from the rural South to the industrial cities of the North during and after World War 1.

Answer 16

Great Migration

Question 17

A political party founded in 1916 that fought for an Equal Rights Amendment to the U.S. Constitution in the early 20th century.

Answer 17

National Woman’s Party

Question 18

Principles for a new world order proposed in 1919 by President Woodrow Wilson as a basis for peace negotiations at Versailles. Among them were open diplomacy, freedom of the seas, free trade, territorial integrity, arms reductions, national self-determination, and creation of the League of Nations.

Answer 18

Fourteen Points

Question 19

The international organization bringing together world governments to prevent future hostilities, proposed by President Woodrow Wilson in the aftermath of World War 1. Although the League of Nations did form, the U.S. never became a member state.

Answer 19

League of Nations

Question 20

The 1919 treaty that ended WW1. The agreement redrew the map of the world, assigned Germany sole responsibility for the war, and saddled it with a debt of $33 billion in war damages. Its long term impact around the globe-including the creation of British and French imperial “mandates”-was catastrophic.

Answer 20

Treaty of Versailles