chapter 3.1-3.3 test

Question 1

why do ecologist ask questions about events and organisms that range in complexity from an individual to the biosphere

Answer 1

understand relationships with the biosphere

Question 2

species

Answer 2

group of organism so similar to one another that the can breed and produce fertile offspring

Question 3

populations

Answer 3

a group of individuals that belong to the same species adn live in the same area

Question 4

community

Answer 4

assemblages or different populations that live together in adefined area

Question 5

ecosystem

Answer 5

collection of all the organisms that live in a particular place, together with their nonliving, or physical enviroment

Question 6

biome

Answer 6

a group of ecosystems that have the same climate and dominate communities

Question 7

what is the highest level of organization that ecologist study

Answer 7

entire bisphere

Question 8

3 basic approaches scientist us to conduct modern ecological research

Answer 8

observing, experiment, modeling

Question 9

why might ecologist set up an artificial environment in a laboratory

Answer 9

intimate and manipulate conditions that organisms would encounter in the natural world

Question 10

why are many ecological phenomena difficult to study

Answer 10

occur over a long period of time or on such large spatial scales

Question 11

why do ecologist make models

Answer 11

gain insight into complex phenomena such as the effects of global warming on the ecosystem

Question 12

what is the core of every organism’s inter reaction with the environment

Answer 12

need for energy to power life’s processess

Question 13

what source of energy do organisms use that dont use the suns energy

Answer 13

inorganic chemical compounds

Question 14

autotrophs

Answer 14

only plants, some algae, and certain bacteria can capture energy from the sunlight or chemicals and use that energy to produce food

Question 15

why are autotrophs also called producers

Answer 15

they make their own food

Question 16

what do autotrophs do during photosynthesis

Answer 16

use light energy to power chemical reactions that convert carbon-dioxide and water into oxygen and energy rich carbhydrates such as sugars and starches

Question 17

what kind of autotroph is the main on land

Answer 17

plants

Question 18

what is the main kind of autotroph in upper layers of ocean

Answer 18

algae

Question 19

what is the main autotroph in tidal flats and salt marshes

Answer 19

photosynthetic

Question 20

what are chemosynthesis

Answer 20

organisms use chemical energy to produce carbohydrates

Question 21

heterotrophs are also called what

Answer 21

consumers

Question 22

detretress

Answer 22

plant and animal remains and other dead matter

Question 23

herbivore

Answer 23

animal that only eats plants ( cows, rabbits)

Question 24

carnivore

Answer 24

organism that only eats meat (snakes, dogs, owls)

Question 25

omnivore

Answer 25

organism that eats plants and animals (humans, bears, and crow)

Question 26

detritivore

Answer 26

heterotroph that feeds on dead matter (mites, earthworms, crabs, and snails)

Question 27

decomposers

Answer 27

breaks down organic matter (bacteria, fungi)

Question 28

how does energy flow through an ecosystem

Answer 28

it flows through an ecosystem in one direction from the sun and inorganic systems to autotrophs and then to varies heterotrophs

Question 29

food chain

Answer 29

a series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten

Question 30

food web

Answer 30

networks of complex interactions formed by the feeding relationships among various organisms in any ecosystem

Question 31

what does a food web link together

Answer 31

all the food chains in the ecosystem

Question 32

what is a trophic level

Answer 32

one of the levels in a food chain or a food web

Question 33

in a food web, what organisms make up the first trophic level

Answer 33

producers

Question 34

what does a consumer in a food chain depend on for energy

Answer 34

producers that would be on a lower level

Question 35

what is an ecological pyramid

Answer 35

diagram that shows the relative amount of energy, contained with trophic level

Question 36

only what level is producers

Answer 36

1st

Question 37

what is a biomass

Answer 37

it is the total amount of living tissue within a trophic level

Question 38

what does a biomass pyramid represents

Answer 38

represents the amount of potential food in that level

Question 39

what does a pyramid of numbers show

Answer 39

number of organisms in each trophic level

Question 40

why can each trophic level support only about one tenth the amount of living tissue as the level below it

Answer 40

each trophic level harvest only .1% of energy from the level below it

Question 41

what is ecology

Answer 41

scientific stufy of interactions among and between organisms and their surroundings/ environment