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biology > chapter 1 > Flashcards

chapter 1 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards
1
Q

a proposed scientific explanation for a set of observations/ educated guess

A

hypothesis

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2
Q

what is the goal of science

A

to investigate and understand the natural world, to explain events in the natural world, and to use those explanations to make useful predictions

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3
Q

what is science not

A

something you cant prove

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4
Q

what is the idea that life could arise from nonliving matter

A

spontaneous generation

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5
Q

what are things that can be changed in an experiment

A

variables

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6
Q

what is the experiment when one variable is changed at a time

A

controlled experiment

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7
Q

what is the variable that is deliberately changed

A

manipulated variable

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8
Q

the information gathered from observations

A

data

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9
Q

when a hypothesis becomes so well supported it becomes a

A

theory

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11
Q

the process of gathering information about events or processes in a careful orderly way

A

observation

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11
Q

a logical interpretation based on prior knowledge or experience

A

inference

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11
Q

what are the two types of observations

A

quantitive observation includes counting, numbers, or measuring. qualitative observation you look at characteristics that cant be counted or measured

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12
Q

what are the characteristics of living things

A

living things are made up of units called cells, reproduce, are based on a universal genetic code, grow and develop, obtain and use materials and energy, respond to the their environment, maintain a stable internal environment, and change over time

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13
Q

what is it called when an organism maintains a stable internal condition

A

homeostasis

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14
Q

what is a collection of living matter and is surrounded by something that protects it

A

a cell

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15
Q

what is the variable that responds to the manipulated variable

A

responding variable

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16
Q

what is the smallest unit of an organism that is alive

A

a cell

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17
Q

what can cells do

A

grow, respond to their surroundings, and reproduce

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18
Q

cells are highly organized and

A

complex

19
Q

what does multicellular mean

A

multiple celled

20
Q

what are the two types of asexual reproduction

A

a single celled organism breaks in half and forms two new organisms; a portion of an organism splits off to form a new organism

21
Q

what do organisms need to grow, develop, and reproduce

A

energy and a constant supply of materials

22
Q

unicellular means

A

single celled

23
Q

what is the study of living things

A

biology

24
Q

what is the combination of reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down materials

A

metabolism

25
Q

when collecting data and doing experiments, what system of measurement do most science use

A

the metric system

26
Q

what is the metric system

A

a decimal system of measurement whose units are based on certain physical standards and are scaled on multiples of 10

27
Q

1000 meters equal 1

A

kilometer

28
Q

what are microscopes

A

devices that produce magnified images of structures that are to small to see with an unaided eye

29
Q

one liter equals ____ milliliters

A

1000

30
Q

one gram equals _____ milligrams

A

1000

31
Q

1000 kilograms equals 1

A

metric ton

32
Q

when scientist collect data what are they often trying to find out

A

whether certain factors changed or remained the same

33
Q

what does a graph of data make easier to recognize and understand than a table of data

A

a pattern

34
Q

what are compound light microscopes

A

they allow light to pass through the specimen and use two lenses to form an image

35
Q

how do chemical stains make light microscopes more useful

A

they can show specific structures in the cell

36
Q

An organized way of using evidence to learn about the natural world

A

Science

37
Q

what are the two main types of the electron microscopes

A

TEM and SEM

38
Q

how must samples be prepared for observation by an electron microscope

A

they must be preserved and dehydrated before they are placed inside the microscope

39
Q

a group of cells grow in a nutrient solution from a single original cell is called a

A

cell culture

40
Q

what techniques do biologist use to separate one part of a cell from the other part of the cell

A

cell fractionation

41
Q

what is the single most important rule for your safety with working in a laboratory

A

always follow your teachers instruction and the textbook exactly

42
Q

why do scientists need a common system of measurement

A

because researchers need to replicate each others experiments and most experiments involve measurements

43
Q

what is the organized way of using evidence to learn about the natural world

A

science

44
Q

compare how a TEM and a SEM produce images

A

TEMs can reveal a wealth of detail inside the cell. SEMs produce realistic three-dimensional images of the surface of objects

biology (28 decks)

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