chapter 1 Flashcards
a proposed scientific explanation for a set of observations/ educated guess
hypothesis
what is the goal of science
to investigate and understand the natural world, to explain events in the natural world, and to use those explanations to make useful predictions
what is science not
something you cant prove
what is the idea that life could arise from nonliving matter
spontaneous generation
what are things that can be changed in an experiment
variables
what is the experiment when one variable is changed at a time
controlled experiment
what is the variable that is deliberately changed
manipulated variable
the information gathered from observations
data
when a hypothesis becomes so well supported it becomes a
theory
the process of gathering information about events or processes in a careful orderly way
observation
a logical interpretation based on prior knowledge or experience
inference
what are the two types of observations
quantitive observation includes counting, numbers, or measuring. qualitative observation you look at characteristics that cant be counted or measured
what are the characteristics of living things
living things are made up of units called cells, reproduce, are based on a universal genetic code, grow and develop, obtain and use materials and energy, respond to the their environment, maintain a stable internal environment, and change over time
what is it called when an organism maintains a stable internal condition
homeostasis
what is a collection of living matter and is surrounded by something that protects it
a cell
what is the variable that responds to the manipulated variable
responding variable
what is the smallest unit of an organism that is alive
a cell
what can cells do
grow, respond to their surroundings, and reproduce
cells are highly organized and
complex
what does multicellular mean
multiple celled
what are the two types of asexual reproduction
a single celled organism breaks in half and forms two new organisms; a portion of an organism splits off to form a new organism
what do organisms need to grow, develop, and reproduce
energy and a constant supply of materials
unicellular means
single celled
what is the study of living things
biology
what is the combination of reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down materials
metabolism
when collecting data and doing experiments, what system of measurement do most science use
the metric system
what is the metric system
a decimal system of measurement whose units are based on certain physical standards and are scaled on multiples of 10
1000 meters equal 1
kilometer
what are microscopes
devices that produce magnified images of structures that are to small to see with an unaided eye
one liter equals ____ milliliters
1000
one gram equals _____ milligrams
1000
1000 kilograms equals 1
metric ton
when scientist collect data what are they often trying to find out
whether certain factors changed or remained the same
what does a graph of data make easier to recognize and understand than a table of data
a pattern
what are compound light microscopes
they allow light to pass through the specimen and use two lenses to form an image
how do chemical stains make light microscopes more useful
they can show specific structures in the cell
An organized way of using evidence to learn about the natural world
Science
what are the two main types of the electron microscopes
TEM and SEM
how must samples be prepared for observation by an electron microscope
they must be preserved and dehydrated before they are placed inside the microscope
a group of cells grow in a nutrient solution from a single original cell is called a
cell culture
what techniques do biologist use to separate one part of a cell from the other part of the cell
cell fractionation
what is the single most important rule for your safety with working in a laboratory
always follow your teachers instruction and the textbook exactly
why do scientists need a common system of measurement
because researchers need to replicate each others experiments and most experiments involve measurements
what is the organized way of using evidence to learn about the natural world
science
compare how a TEM and a SEM produce images
TEMs can reveal a wealth of detail inside the cell. SEMs produce realistic three-dimensional images of the surface of objects
