chapter 1

Question 1

a proposed scientific explanation for a set of observations/ educated guess

Answer 1

hypothesis

Question 2

what is the goal of science

Answer 2

to investigate and understand the natural world, to explain events in the natural world, and to use those explanations to make useful predictions

Question 3

what is science not

Answer 3

something you cant prove

Question 4

what is the idea that life could arise from nonliving matter

Answer 4

spontaneous generation

Question 5

what are things that can be changed in an experiment

Answer 5

variables

Question 6

what is the experiment when one variable is changed at a time

Answer 6

controlled experiment

Question 7

what is the variable that is deliberately changed

Answer 7

manipulated variable

Question 8

the information gathered from observations

Answer 8

data

Question 9

when a hypothesis becomes so well supported it becomes a

Answer 9

theory

Question 11

the process of gathering information about events or processes in a careful orderly way

Answer 11

observation

Question 11

a logical interpretation based on prior knowledge or experience

Answer 11

inference

Question 11

what are the two types of observations

Answer 11

quantitive observation includes counting, numbers, or measuring. qualitative observation you look at characteristics that cant be counted or measured

Question 12

what are the characteristics of living things

Answer 12

living things are made up of units called cells, reproduce, are based on a universal genetic code, grow and develop, obtain and use materials and energy, respond to the their environment, maintain a stable internal environment, and change over time

Question 13

what is it called when an organism maintains a stable internal condition

Answer 13

homeostasis

Question 14

what is a collection of living matter and is surrounded by something that protects it

Answer 14

a cell

Question 15

what is the variable that responds to the manipulated variable

Answer 15

responding variable

Question 16

what is the smallest unit of an organism that is alive

Answer 16

a cell

Question 17

what can cells do

Answer 17

grow, respond to their surroundings, and reproduce

Question 18

cells are highly organized and

Answer 18

complex

Question 19

what does multicellular mean

Answer 19

multiple celled

Question 20

what are the two types of asexual reproduction

Answer 20

a single celled organism breaks in half and forms two new organisms; a portion of an organism splits off to form a new organism

Question 21

what do organisms need to grow, develop, and reproduce

Answer 21

energy and a constant supply of materials

Question 22

unicellular means

Answer 22

single celled

Question 23

what is the study of living things

Answer 23

biology

Question 24

what is the combination of reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down materials

Answer 24

metabolism

Question 25

when collecting data and doing experiments, what system of measurement do most science use

Answer 25

the metric system

Question 26

what is the metric system

Answer 26

a decimal system of measurement whose units are based on certain physical standards and are scaled on multiples of 10

Question 27

1000 meters equal 1

Answer 27

kilometer

Question 28

what are microscopes

Answer 28

devices that produce magnified images of structures that are to small to see with an unaided eye

Question 29

one liter equals ____ milliliters

Answer 29

1000

Question 30

one gram equals _____ milligrams

Answer 30

1000

Question 31

1000 kilograms equals 1

Answer 31

metric ton

Question 32

when scientist collect data what are they often trying to find out

Answer 32

whether certain factors changed or remained the same

Question 33

what does a graph of data make easier to recognize and understand than a table of data

Answer 33

a pattern

Question 34

what are compound light microscopes

Answer 34

they allow light to pass through the specimen and use two lenses to form an image

Question 35

how do chemical stains make light microscopes more useful

Answer 35

they can show specific structures in the cell

Question 36

An organized way of using evidence to learn about the natural world

Answer 36

Science

Question 37

what are the two main types of the electron microscopes

Answer 37

TEM and SEM

Question 38

how must samples be prepared for observation by an electron microscope

Answer 38

they must be preserved and dehydrated before they are placed inside the microscope

Question 39

a group of cells grow in a nutrient solution from a single original cell is called a

Answer 39

cell culture

Question 40

what techniques do biologist use to separate one part of a cell from the other part of the cell

Answer 40

cell fractionation

Question 41

what is the single most important rule for your safety with working in a laboratory

Answer 41

always follow your teachers instruction and the textbook exactly

Question 42

why do scientists need a common system of measurement

Answer 42

because researchers need to replicate each others experiments and most experiments involve measurements

Question 43

what is the organized way of using evidence to learn about the natural world

Answer 43

science

Question 44

compare how a TEM and a SEM produce images

Answer 44

TEMs can reveal a wealth of detail inside the cell. SEMs produce realistic three-dimensional images of the surface of objects