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Interpersonal Communications > Chapter 3 the self concept and communication > Flashcards

Chapter 3 the self concept and communication Flashcards

1
Q

Define self concept

A

How we perceive ourselves

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2
Q

What do communication scholars argue about self concept?

A

It is formed
Sustained
And changed by our interactions with others

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3
Q

What 5 traits influence self concept?

A 
Extroverted vs introverted
Agreeable vs antagonistic
Open vs not open 
Conscientious vs undirected
Neurotic vs stable
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4
Q

What do the five traits of social concept include

A 
Sociability 
Spontaneity
Selflessness
Independence
Curiosity
Vulnerability
Carelessness
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5
Q

What influences the development of self talk of self concept

A

Our culture
Relationships
Gender
Our own self talk

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6
Q

What was the theory of symbolic interactionism developed by

A

George Herbert mead

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7
Q

What is symbolic interactionism

A

Our view of self is shaped by those we communicate with

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8
Q

What two processes influence the theory of symbolic interactionism?

A

The Pygmalion effect

Social comparison

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9
Q

Define Pygmalion effect

A

It illustrates the way our significant others (ppl who r important to us) influence our self concept

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10
Q

What is an example of Pygmalion effect

A

Teacher communicated to their students that a select few were high achievers, but their grades didn’t differ than the other kids in the class. Instead, the kids performed well in higher levels because the teacher keeps telling them that they were high achievers

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11
Q

Define social comparison

A

When we compare ourselves to others

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12
Q

Example of social comparison

A

Comparing our athletic ability or relational success to others

Asking classmates about their score on a test

Comparing your B to others A =negative self perception

Comparing your B to another’s C= positive self perception

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13
Q

Where is social comparison determinant of self perception

A

Western cultures

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14
Q

Why is it important to study self concept?

A

It affects how we communicate with others

Healthy self concepts can result in a realistic acknowledgement of our strengths and weaknesses= we can accept praise and defend viewpoints even when opposed by others

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15
Q

What can unhealthy self concepts result in?

A

Exaggerated and unrealistic perceptions of our strengths and weaknesses

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16
Q

What can knowledge about self concept and interpersonal communication do?

A

It can motivate us to communicate in a competent manner

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17
Q

What can increase our motivation to communicate

A

Creating realistic goal statements designed to improve our self concept

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18
Q

Is our self concept formed in an instant?

Can it change in an instant

A

No

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19
Q

What must we do to make an effective goal statements?

A

Set realistic goals for ourselves and not mentally beat ourselves up if we don’t meet them

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20
Q

An example of an unrealistic goal

A

I will be a confident communicator in all situations and will never let me nerves get the best of me

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21
Q

An example of a realistic goal

A

I will gain confidence and learn how to manage my anxiety so I can contribute to discussions in my comm class

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22
Q

How do we tend to perceive ourselves

A

Subjectively and often in a more negative light than is warranted

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23
Q

What is one method to contend with our subjective self concept?

A

Create a mental inventory of our strengths and talents

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24
Q

What did Martin Seligman argue?

A

Talents are nonmoral characteristics that are usually innate and automatic

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25
Q

Examples of talents

A

Perfect pitch

Athletic ability

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26
Q

Examples of strengths

A

Moral traits such as integrity, vapor, kindness, and originality

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27
Q

Difference between talents and strengths

A

Talents=nonmoral (we don’t choose these)

Strengths=moral (we choose these)(involve choices about acquisition and enhancement)

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28
Q

What are the characteristics and components of the self concept

A

Self image and self esteem

It’s multidimensional nature

The relationship between self-concept and self disclosure

And it’s subjective nature

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29
Q

What does the “self concept” figure illustrate

A

The idea that aspects of our self concept can be organized according to our beliefs and evaluations about ourselves and the contexts that influence us

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30
Q

What is our self concept affected by

A

The characteristics we believe we possess and how we evaluate these characteristics

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31
Q

What is our self concept made of

A

Self image and self esteem

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32
Q

Define self image

A

A descriptive term it refers to the characteristics we believe we possess

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33
Q

Example of self image

A

If I describe myself as a student who does volunteer work

How others see me too

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34
Q

What do we use other people’s comments for

A

Our self perceptions, and they reinforce it change the perception of what and who we are

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35
Q

Example of reinforcing someone comments to check our self perceptions

A

We might think of ourselves as selfless and generous but it may change when a coworker talks about the volunteering organizations they are a part of

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36
Q

Define self esteem

A

It’s evaluative and it depends on that we perceive to be worthwhile and valuable

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37
Q

How does self esteem go beyond our self image

A

It includes the value or importance we place on our perceived characteristics

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38
Q

Example of self esteem

A

If you get a fee gutter balls while bowling then your bowling ability is poor

39
Q

An example of positive self esteem

A

I may believe that I am a sensitive and kind person and that sensitivity and kindness are valuable and worthwhile characteristics to possess

40
Q

According to “perceived as multidimensional” what can self concept be simultaneously perceived as?

A

Mental
Physical
And private
Public

41
Q

What could our physical self include

A

Perceptions of our body and how physically attractive we think we are

Perceptions of ourself that we do not disclose to others (we perceive others to be overly cynical or unemotional

Aspects of ourselves we desire other to perceive

42
Q

What is self disclosure related to

A

Self perceptions

43
Q

What is an example of self disclosure related to self perceptions

A

Some info we tell some friends and family but not all

44
Q

What can influence how we perceive ourselves

A

Their reactions

45
Q

What is the Jahori Window

A

A model that illustrates self disclosure, self awareness, and how we relate to others.

46
Q

What are the four areas of the Johari Window

A

Open
Blind
Unknown
Hidden

47
Q

What is the open quadrant in the Johari window

Example?

A

Includes information about ourselves that we and others know

Ex- how old we are or what we do as a living

48
Q

What is the kind quadrant in the Johari Window

Example?

A

Information about ourselves that we don’t know it others do

Ex- has anyone ever pointed out a habit in which we were unaware

49
Q

What is the hidden quadrant in the Johari Window

Example?

A

Info that we know it others do not

Ex- a secret I’ve never told someone
Can be anything- punched a sibling, thinking Beethoven composed the best classical music

50
Q

What is the unknown quadrant in the Johari Window

Example?

A

Unknown info that neither is or anyone else knows about

51
Q

Will the unknown quadrant always exist?

A

Yes, because we’ll never completely know ourselves

52
Q

How can we not know something about ourselves, and how can other people not know as well (referring to the unknown quadrant)

A

Hypnosis
Dream analysis
Our traits are layer in our subconscious as well

53
Q

CAN your self concept be distorted and incorrect (referring to the “based on subjective information” on pg 72

A

Yes

54
Q

What is the “face” we present to others?

A

Face- related to our perceived selfconcept but also involves how we want others to perceive us and our worth

55
Q

What is facts also called

A

Impression management

Identity management

56
Q

What are impression management and identity management

A

Behaviors we enact to influence others to perceive us in certain ways

57
Q

What is a bother aspect or “face”

A

Searching a name on the internet

This is a part of the hiring process in some employees

58
Q

What can happen if face is proven wrong?

A

You can feel shame or embarrassed

59
Q

How can we save face?

A

Making use of favework

60
Q

Define face work

A

Face saving communication

61
Q

How can we use facework?

A

Overlooking a face threatening act- such as glossing over a mistake or acting as if it didn’t happen to minimize the extent of embarrassment or annoyance

RESPONDING with humor

Offering an apology to admit blame and seek atonement

Communicating an explanation to minimize responsibility or to justify the behavior

Engaging in physical remediation

62
Q

What’s an example of responding with humor? (Referencing the facework idea)

A

Laughter - releases nervous tension and demonstrates that an offense isn’t that serious

“This would make a great scene in a romance/horror/adventure flick!”

63
Q

Example of “communication an explanation

A

I didn’t mean it!

64
Q

Example of engaging in physical remediation

A

Adjusting clothing or cleaning a spill

65
Q

An example of saving face if your classmate has toilet paper stuck to their shoe

A

“Like this has never happened to any of you before!”

“Don’t expect this kind of excitement every day!” (Humor)

“I’m sorry for the disruption” (apology)

“My shoes were probably wet and I walked past the restroom and probably tracked it.” (Explanation)

Putting the toilet paper in the trash (physical remediation)

66
Q

Summarize self concept

A

It includes our self image and self esteem because those influence how we comm w others

This multidimensional concept is influenced by self disclosure, is subjective, and is the basis of the face we present to others.

Self concept is also affected by culture, relationship context, gender, and individual (all the concepts)

67
Q

What influences our image of who we are with regards to the culture context

A

Dominant and co cultures

68
Q

Example of dominant filters impacting self concept

A

Us- individualist- can’t understand how other cultures don’t think of themselves

India- vice versa

Japan- self concept is created I. Terms of group membership and interaction

69
Q

Example of co culture in self concept

A

Ethnic identity- based on common traditions, values, origins, and history.
Includes knowledge of belonging to a particular group and the shared experiences of its members

Ex- LGBT

70
Q

Example of how friends and family can change self concept?

A

Using words like creative and bright= good

Monster and stupid= bad

71
Q

Define self efficacy

A

The belief in our ability to manage prospective situations

72
Q

Where is self efficacy used

A

Relationship context- coworkers

73
Q

When does our knowledge of self concept begin (age wise?)

A

4-7 years

74
Q

What characteristics do women mention more of?

A

Generosity
Sensitivity
And having care and concern for others when asked to describe themselves

75
Q

What do men mention when they talk about characteristics

A

Ambition
Energy
Power
Control

76
Q

Can men and women concepts intertwine

A

Yup

77
Q

Do men and women possess an equal sense of self worth based on their relational group memberships

A

Yes

Therefore it is best to think of gender self concepts as a degree rather than polar opposites

78
Q

Define self fulfilling prophecies (individual context)

A

The expectations we have and the predictions we make for ourselves

79
Q

When are self fulfilling prophecies evident?

A

When we behave in ways that reinforce our self perceptions and self expectations and they can make a predicted outcome of an event

80
Q

Look at the cyclical nature of self fulfilling prophecies on page 79

A

Do et

81
Q

What does the cyclical nature of self fulfilling prophecies do?

A

Reinforce the self concept, affect behavior, and can influence how others perceive us.

82
Q

Define inner critic (in individual context)

A

Produces intrapersonal comm messages such as “I’ve failed at this before and I’ll fail at it again”

83
Q

What does our inner critic Focus on? What does it ignore?

A

What isn’t finished and ignores what we’ve accomplished

84
Q

Over all, what two things fall under the individual context?

A

Self fulfilling prophecies

Inner critic

85
Q

What do people try to do when their face is threatened?

A

Go into defensive reactions

86
Q

Are defensive reactions appropriate or effective

A

NO

87
Q

What can a defensive reaction lead to?

A

Communicating disrespect
Disconfirmation

Promote heated arguments

Cause conversation partners to ignore relational problems and potential solutions

88
Q

What four things fall under defensive reactions

A

Sarcasm and aggression

Excuses

Avoidance

Denial

89
Q

What are examples of nondefensive reaction skills

A

Asking open ended questions

Guessing about specifics

Agreeing with the truth

Agreeing to disagree

90
Q

Before we use non defensive reactions, what must we do first?

A

Notice we are being defensive

91
Q

What are symptoms that follow being defensive?

A

Rapid heartbeat

Shortness of breath

92
Q

What can along open ended questions do?

A

Helps us understand our conversation partner

93
Q

What can guessing about specifics do?

A

Enables our conversation partner to communicate an in depth response and examine her or his assumptions

94
Q

What is an example of agreeing to disagree?

A

Why do you listen to that stuff? It’s terrible.

Me- I respect your opinion, but I like alternative music

Interpersonal Communications (9 decks)

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