Chapter 3: The Middle East Flashcards
what was the first empire to rule the Middle East after sumer?
Babylon
Who established the old Babylonian empire?
Hammurabi
What was the greatest mathematical achievement of the Babylonians?
Place value notation
what is the use of authority and power to uphold what is right just or lawful?
justice
what was the greatest achievement of the old Babylonian empire?
The realm of government and law
What was the Empire that invaded the old Babylonian empire?
The Hittite empire
where did the Hittites dominate before they invaded Babylon?
Asia minor
True/false: the Hittites are not noted for being the first people to use iron extensively
False
Who was assryia’s first great monarch
Tiglathpilezar I
what is the capital city of the Assyrian empire?
Nineveh 
Who built the worlds first great library and where was it built?
Ashurbanipal; Nineveh
Who established the neo-Babylonian empire?
Naboplassar
which Chaldean king destroyed Jerusalem?
Nebuchadnezzar
what neo-Babylonian piece of architecture is counted among the seven wonders of the ancient world
The hanging gardens of Babylon
Who was the first ruler of Persia?
Cyrus the great
Under which Persian ruler was the worlds first Postal Service established?
Darius the first
Who is the husband of queen Esther?
Xerxes I
what was the pagan religion of the Persians?
Zoroastrianism
under which king did Nehemiah serve?
Artaxerxes I
What degree was issued by Cyrus the great in 536 BC
That the Jews could return to Jerusalem
what are the three names of the land God promised Abraham?
Canaan, Palestine and Israel
what are the three great monotheistic religions of the world?
Christianity, Judaism and Islam
True/false: Israel has the greatest variety of climate in topography of any country in the world
True
Who are the founding fathers or patriarchs of Israel?
Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob
Who is one of the greatest man in world history that was to deliver the Israelites from Egyptian bondage
Moses
what is a solemn agreement?
A covenant
what is the name of a summary of a basic principles of morality?
The 10 Commandments or the decalogue
What is the capital of Israel?
Jerusalem
what was the first true alphabet?
The Sinai script
what is an alphabet?
Phonetic system of writing in which letters are used to represent sounds rather than things or ideas
Who were the seafarers who gave us a close representation of the modern alphabet?
Phoenicians
What is the ability to read and write one’s own language
Literacy
when was Israel the greatest nation in the world?
Around 1000 BC
Who are the two great kings of Israel?
David and Solomon
what was the northern kingdom called? What was the southern kingdom called?
Israel; Judah
when did the northern kingdom fall and to whom?
Assyria in 721 BC
when did the southern kingdom fall and to whom?
The Babylonians, and 586 BC
when was Jerusalem destroyed?
AD 70
what was the name for the eastern Roman empire that control part of the Middle East for over 1000 years?
The Byzantium empire
what was the name of the capital of the Byzantium empire?
Byzantium or Constantinople
what religion was founded by Muhammad?
Islam
What are followers of Islam called?
Muslims
where was Muhammad from?
Mecca
What in Islamic history is known as the flight?
Hegira
What are known as Mohamed successors?
Caliphs
what is known as the holy book of Islam?
The Koran
Who is the Englishman who left behind translations of the New Testament in Arabic and Persian
Henry Martin
Who is the first man in modern times to attempt to reach the Muslims of Arabia
Ion Keith Falconer
Who was known as the apostle to Islam?
 Samuel Zwemer
Why is the Middle East important today?
because of the oil reserves that are located beneath its sands
