Chapter 3 - The Cardiorespiratory System

Question 1

Cardiorespiratory System

Answer 1

A system of the body composed of that cardiovascular system and respiratory system

Question 2

Cardiovascular System

Answer 2

Heart, blood vessels, and blood that transport blood from the heart to the tissues

Question 3

Respiratory System

Answer 3

A system of organs (the lungs and respiratory passageways) that collects oxygen from the external environment and transports it to the bloodstream

Question 4

2 Systems Working Together

Answer 4

Provide the body with adequate amounts of oxygen and nutrients and remove waste products like CO2 from cells in the body

Question 5

The Heart

Answer 5

A hollow muscular organ that pumps a circulation of blood through the body by means of rhythmic contraction

Question 6

Mediastinum

Answer 6

The space in the chest between the lungs that contains all the internal organs of the chest except the lungs

Question 7

Control of Cardiac Muscle

Answer 7

Involuntary

-Cardiac muscle also contains myofibrils and sarcomeres but cannot be consciously controlled like skeletal muscle

Question 8

Cardiac Muscle Fiber Structure

Answer 8

Shorter and more tightly connected than skeletal muscle

Question 9

Intercalated Discs

Answer 9

Help hold muscle cells together during contraction and create an electrical connection between the cells that allows the heart to contract as one functional unit

Question 10

Heart’s Conduction System

Answer 10

Sends an electrical signal rapidly through all the cardiac cells

• Transmitted through the SA node through both atria and down into the ventricles
• Internodal pathways then transfer the impulse from the SA node to the AV node which then delays the impulse slightly
• The AV bundle conducts the impulse to the ventricles for contraction via the light and right bundle branches of the purkinje fibers

Question 11

Sinoatrial Node

Answer 11

Initiates the electrical impulses that determine the heart rate

Question 12

SA Node Location

Answer 12

Right atrium

Question 13

Atrioventricular Node

Answer 13

Receives the heartbeat impulses from the SA node and directs them to the walls of the ventricles

Question 14

Atrium

Answer 14

The superior chamber of the heart that receives blood from the veins and forces it into the ventricles

Question 15

Ventricle

Answer 15

The inferior chamber of the heart that receives blood from the corresponding atria and forces that blood into the arteries

Question 16

Interatrial Septum

Answer 16

Separates the atria

Question 17

Interventricular Septum

Answer 17

Separates the ventricles

Question 18

Pulmonic Side of Heart

Answer 18

Right side of the heart

-Receives blood from body that is low in oxygen and high in CO2 and pumps it into the lungs and back into left atria

Question 19

Systemic Side of Heart

Answer 19

Left side of heart

-Pumps blood that is high in O2 and low in CO2 to rest of body

Question 20

Right Atrium and Blood

Answer 20

Gathers deoxygenated blood returning from the body

Question 21

Left Atrium and Blood

Answer 21

Gathers oxygenated blood coming to heart from lungs

Question 22

Right Ventricle and Blood

Answer 22

Gathers deoxygenated blood from right atrium and pumps to lungs

Question 23

Left Ventricle and Blood

Answer 23

Gathers oxygenated blood from left atrium and pumps to rest of body

Question 24

Blood Flow Through the Heart

Answer 24

Deoxygenated blood -> superior vena cava -> right atrium -> Tricuspid valve -> Right Ventricle -> Pulmonary valve -> left pulmonary artery -> lungs -> oxygenated blood -> pulmonary veins -> left atrium -> mitral valve -> left ventricle -> aortic valve -> Aortic Arch -> Descending aorta -> body

Question 25

2 Atrioventricular Valves

Answer 25

Tricuspid valve, Mitral Valve

Question 26

2 Semilunar Valves

Answer 26

Pulmonary and Aortic valves

Question 27

Tricuspid Valve

Answer 27

Controls BF from the right atrium to the right ventricle

Question 28

Mitral Valve

Answer 28

Controls BF from left atrium to the left ventricle

Question 29

Aortic Valve

Answer 29

Controls BF from the left ventricle to the aorta going to the entire body

Question 30

Pulmonary Valve

Answer 30

Controls blood flow from the right ventricle to the pulmonary arteries going to the lungs

Question 31

Stroke Volume (SV)

Answer 31

The amount of blood pumped out of the heart with each contraction

Question 32

SV Formula

Answer 32

EDV - ESV

Question 33

EDV

Answer 33

End-diastolic volume | -The filled volume of the ventricle before contraction

Question 34

ESV

Answer 34

End-systolic volume | -The residual volume of blood remaining in the ventricle after ejection

Question 35

Heart Rate (HR)

Answer 35

The rate at which the heart pumps

Question 36

Cardiac Output (Q)

Answer 36

The volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute, the overall performance of the heart -HR X SV

Question 37

3 Kinds of Cells in Blood

Answer 37

- RBC (carry oxygen) - WBC (help fight infection) - Platelets (clotting)

Question 38

Blood and Transportation

Answer 38

- Transports O2 to all bodily tissues and removes waste products - Transports hormones and nutrients - Helps remove heat from internal to external regions of the body

Question 39

Blood and Regulation

Answer 39

- Blood helps regulate body temp - Regulation of pH levels in the body - Regulation of water content of body's cells

Question 40

Blood and Protection

Answer 40

- Clotting mechanism provides from excessive blood loss | - Provides specialized immune cells to reduce risk of disease and illness

Question 41

3 Major Types of Blood Vessels

Answer 41

Arteries, capillaries, veins

Question 42

Arteries

Answer 42

Carry blood away from the heart | -Aorta largest artery branches into medium sized arteries to arterioles and end in capillaries

Question 43

Capillaries

Answer 43

The site of exchange of chemicals and water between the blood and tissues

Question 44

Veins

Answer 44

Carry blood back to the heart | -Venules are vessels that collect blood from the capillaries and progressively merge together to form veins

Question 45

Respiratory System Function

Answer 45

Bring O2 in the lungs and remove CO2 from the lungs and ensure proper cellular function

Question 46

Respiratory System Structure

Answer 46

Includes: airwars, lungs, and respiratory muscles

Question 47

Respiratory Pump

Answer 47

Bones and muscles that work together to allow proper respiratory mechanics to occur and help pump blood back to the heart during inspiration

Question 48

2 Phases of Breathing

Answer 48

- Inspiration | - Expiration

Question 49

Inspiration

Answer 49

Inhalation

Question 50

Inspiration Muscles

Answer 50

Diaphragm, external intercostals, scalenes, sternocleidomastoid, pec minor

Question 51

Expiration

Answer 51

Exhalation

Question 52

Expiration Muscles

Answer 52

Internal Intercostals, Abdominals

Question 53

2 Categories of Respiratory Passages

Answer 53

Conducting Airways, and respiratory airways

Question 54

Conducting Airways (8)

Answer 54

Consists of all structures that air travels through before entering the respiratory airways -Nasal and oral cavities, mouth, pharynx, larynx, trachea, pulmonary bronchi, bronchioles

Question 55

Respiratory Airways

Answer 55

Collect the channeled air coming from conducting airways | -Alveoli and alveolar sacs

Question 56

Diffusion

Answer 56

The process of getting O2 from the environment to the tissues of the body through the blood stream -Takes place in alveolar sacs to get O2 into blood

Question 57

Cardiorespiratory System Function

Answer 57

Provide the human movement system with many essential elements while removing waste products

Question 58

Oxygen Consumption/Uptake

Answer 58

The use of O2 by the body

Question 59

Resting and Maximal Oxygen Consumption (VO2)

Answer 59

SEE NOTES