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NASM Essentials of Personal Fitness Training > Chapter 2 - Basic Exercise Science: Endocrine System > Flashcards

Chapter 2 - Basic Exercise Science: Endocrine System Flashcards

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1
Q

The Endocrine System

A

A system of glands that secrete hormones into the blood stream to regulate a variety of bodily function
-Control of mood, growth and development, tissue function, metabolism

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2
Q

Endocrine System Dynamics

A

Consists of host organs (glands), chemical messengers (hormones), and target (receptor) cells

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3
Q

Hormone Secreted from Gland

A

Travels through the bloodstream to target cells designed to receive its message

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4
Q

Endocrine Glands

A

-Hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, and adrenal glands

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5
Q

Pituitary Gland

A

Master Gland because it controls the functions of all other endocrine glands

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6
Q

3 Sections of Pituitary Gland

A

Anterior, intermediate, posterior lobes

-Each lobe secretes specific types of hormones

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7
Q

Anterior Lobe Hormones (6)

A
  • Growth Hormone
  • Prolactin
  • Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)
  • Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
  • Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
  • Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
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8
Q

Intermediate Lobe Hormone

A

Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone

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9
Q

Posterior Lobe Hormones (2)

A
  • Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

- Oxytocin

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10
Q

Prolactin Function

A

Stimulate milk production after giving birth

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11
Q

ACTH Function

A

Stimulates the adrenal glads

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12
Q

TSH Function

A

Stimulates the thyroid gland

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13
Q

FSH Function

A

Stimulates testes and ovaries

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14
Q

LH Function

A

Stimulates ovaries or testes

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15
Q

Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone Function

A

Control skin pigmentation

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16
Q

ADH Function

A

Increase absorption of water into the blood by the kidneys

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17
Q

Oxytocin Function

A

Contracts the uterus during childbirth and stimulate milk production

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18
Q

Thyroid Gland Function

A

Produces hormones that regulate metabolism and affect the growth and rate of function of many other systems in the body

19
Q

Adrenal Glands Function

A

Secrete hormones such as corticosteroids and catecholamines, including cortisol and adrenaline in response to stress

20
Q

Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland

A

Represent an important link between the nervous and endocrine systems

21
Q

Blood Glucose

A

Carbs, specifically glucose, is the primary energy source during vigorous exercise and principal fuel for the brain

22
Q

Control of Blood Glucose

A

Regulated by pancreas, which produces two specific hormones: Insulin and Glucagon

23
Q

Insulin Trigger of Release

A

Released by elevated levels of glucose in the blood (eating a meal)

24
Q

Circulating Insulin in Blood

A

Binds with receptors of its target cells making cell more permeable to glucose
-Glucose then diffuses out of blood and into cell leading to a drop of blood glucose levels

25
Q

Insulin Result

A

Causes cells in the liver, muscle, and fat tissue to take up glucose from the blood, storing it as glycogen in the liver and muscle

26
Q

Glucagon Effects

A

Opposite to that of insulin, as it functions to raise blood glucose levels by triggering the release of glycogen stores from the liver back into glucose

27
Q

Glucagon Trigger of Release

A

Drop in circulating blood glucose levels (Hours after a meal or physical activity)

28
Q

Exercise and Control of Blood Glucose

A

As activity levels increase, glucose uptake by the body’s cell also increase due to an increased sensitivity of the cells to insulin, thus leading to a drop of insulin levels during physical activity

29
Q

Catecholamines

A

Epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine are produced by the adrenal glands atop the kidneys

30
Q

Catecholamines Function

A

Prepare the body for activity (fight or flight response)

31
Q

Testosterone Production

A

Produced in the testes of males and in small amount in the ovaries and adrenal glands of females

32
Q

Testosterone Functions

A

The development of male secondary sexual characteristics such as facial and body hair and greater muscle mass
-Large role in growth and repair of tissues

33
Q

Estrogen Production

A

In the ovaries of females and small amounts in the adrenal glands of males

34
Q

Estrogen Function

A
  • Give rise of female secondary sexual characteristics such as breast development and regulation of menstrual cycle
  • Large influence on fat deposition around hips, buttocks, and thighs
35
Q

Cortisol

A

Associated with tissue breakdown, referred to as a catabolic hormone

36
Q

Cortisol Secretion

A

Secreted by adrenal glands under times of stress

37
Q

Cortisol Function

A

Serves to maintain energy supply through the breakdown of carbs, fats, and proteins

38
Q

High Levels of Cortisol

A

Brought about through overtraining, excessive stress, poor sleep, and inadequate nutrition can lead to significant breakdown of muscle tissue and other potentially harmful side effects

39
Q

Growth Hormone Location of Release

A

Released from pituitary gland in brain and is regulated by hypothalamus

40
Q

Growth Hormone Stimulus of Release

A

Estrogen, Testosterone, deep sleep, and vigorous exercise

41
Q

GH Functions

A

Anabolic hormone responsible for most growth and development during childhood
-Also increases development of bone, muscle tissue, protein synthesis, fat burning, and strengthens immune system

42
Q

Thyroid Hormones Area of Release

A

Released from thyroid gland regulated by the pituitary gland

43
Q

Thyroid Hormones Function

A

Carb, protein, and fat metabolism, basal metabolic rate, protein synthesis, sensitivity to epinephrine, heart rate, breathing rate, and body temperature.

44
Q

Hormones and Effects of Exercise

A
  • Testosterone and GH levels increase after traingin

- Cortisol is indicative of overtraining

NASM Essentials of Personal Fitness Training (24 decks)

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