Chapter 2 - Basic Exercise Science: Endocrine System

Question 1

The Endocrine System

Answer 1

A system of glands that secrete hormones into the blood stream to regulate a variety of bodily function
-Control of mood, growth and development, tissue function, metabolism

Question 2

Endocrine System Dynamics

Answer 2

Consists of host organs (glands), chemical messengers (hormones), and target (receptor) cells

Question 3

Hormone Secreted from Gland

Answer 3

Travels through the bloodstream to target cells designed to receive its message

Question 4

Endocrine Glands

Answer 4

-Hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, and adrenal glands

Question 5

Pituitary Gland

Answer 5

Master Gland because it controls the functions of all other endocrine glands

Question 6

3 Sections of Pituitary Gland

Answer 6

Anterior, intermediate, posterior lobes

-Each lobe secretes specific types of hormones

Question 7

Anterior Lobe Hormones (6)

Answer 7

• Growth Hormone
• Prolactin
• Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)
• Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
• Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
• Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

Question 8

Intermediate Lobe Hormone

Answer 8

Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone

Question 9

Posterior Lobe Hormones (2)

Answer 9

• Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

- Oxytocin

Question 10

Prolactin Function

Answer 10

Stimulate milk production after giving birth

Question 11

ACTH Function

Answer 11

Stimulates the adrenal glads

Question 12

TSH Function

Answer 12

Stimulates the thyroid gland

Question 13

FSH Function

Answer 13

Stimulates testes and ovaries

Question 14

LH Function

Answer 14

Stimulates ovaries or testes

Question 15

Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone Function

Answer 15

Control skin pigmentation

Question 16

ADH Function

Answer 16

Increase absorption of water into the blood by the kidneys

Question 17

Oxytocin Function

Answer 17

Contracts the uterus during childbirth and stimulate milk production

Question 18

Thyroid Gland Function

Answer 18

Produces hormones that regulate metabolism and affect the growth and rate of function of many other systems in the body

Question 19

Adrenal Glands Function

Answer 19

Secrete hormones such as corticosteroids and catecholamines, including cortisol and adrenaline in response to stress

Question 20

Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland

Answer 20

Represent an important link between the nervous and endocrine systems

Question 21

Blood Glucose

Answer 21

Carbs, specifically glucose, is the primary energy source during vigorous exercise and principal fuel for the brain

Question 22

Control of Blood Glucose

Answer 22

Regulated by pancreas, which produces two specific hormones: Insulin and Glucagon

Question 23

Insulin Trigger of Release

Answer 23

Released by elevated levels of glucose in the blood (eating a meal)

Question 24

Circulating Insulin in Blood

Answer 24

Binds with receptors of its target cells making cell more permeable to glucose
-Glucose then diffuses out of blood and into cell leading to a drop of blood glucose levels

Question 25

Insulin Result

Answer 25

Causes cells in the liver, muscle, and fat tissue to take up glucose from the blood, storing it as glycogen in the liver and muscle

Question 26

Glucagon Effects

Answer 26

Opposite to that of insulin, as it functions to raise blood glucose levels by triggering the release of glycogen stores from the liver back into glucose

Question 27

Glucagon Trigger of Release

Answer 27

Drop in circulating blood glucose levels (Hours after a meal or physical activity)

Question 28

Exercise and Control of Blood Glucose

Answer 28

As activity levels increase, glucose uptake by the body's cell also increase due to an increased sensitivity of the cells to insulin, thus leading to a drop of insulin levels during physical activity

Question 29

Catecholamines

Answer 29

Epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine are produced by the adrenal glands atop the kidneys

Question 30

Catecholamines Function

Answer 30

Prepare the body for activity (fight or flight response)

Question 31

Testosterone Production

Answer 31

Produced in the testes of males and in small amount in the ovaries and adrenal glands of females

Question 32

Testosterone Functions

Answer 32

The development of male secondary sexual characteristics such as facial and body hair and greater muscle mass -Large role in growth and repair of tissues

Question 33

Estrogen Production

Answer 33

In the ovaries of females and small amounts in the adrenal glands of males

Question 34

Estrogen Function

Answer 34

- Give rise of female secondary sexual characteristics such as breast development and regulation of menstrual cycle - Large influence on fat deposition around hips, buttocks, and thighs

Question 35

Cortisol

Answer 35

Associated with tissue breakdown, referred to as a catabolic hormone

Question 36

Cortisol Secretion

Answer 36

Secreted by adrenal glands under times of stress

Question 37

Cortisol Function

Answer 37

Serves to maintain energy supply through the breakdown of carbs, fats, and proteins

Question 38

High Levels of Cortisol

Answer 38

Brought about through overtraining, excessive stress, poor sleep, and inadequate nutrition can lead to significant breakdown of muscle tissue and other potentially harmful side effects

Question 39

Growth Hormone Location of Release

Answer 39

Released from pituitary gland in brain and is regulated by hypothalamus

Question 40

Growth Hormone Stimulus of Release

Answer 40

Estrogen, Testosterone, deep sleep, and vigorous exercise

Question 41

GH Functions

Answer 41

Anabolic hormone responsible for most growth and development during childhood -Also increases development of bone, muscle tissue, protein synthesis, fat burning, and strengthens immune system

Question 42

Thyroid Hormones Area of Release

Answer 42

Released from thyroid gland regulated by the pituitary gland

Question 43

Thyroid Hormones Function

Answer 43

Carb, protein, and fat metabolism, basal metabolic rate, protein synthesis, sensitivity to epinephrine, heart rate, breathing rate, and body temperature.

Question 44

Hormones and Effects of Exercise

Answer 44

- Testosterone and GH levels increase after traingin | - Cortisol is indicative of overtraining