chapter 3: terms Flashcards
abdomin/o
abdomen
acr/o
extremities, top, extreme point
acu/o
sharp, severe, sudden
aden/o
gland
adip/o
fat
amni/o
amnion (sac surrounding the embryo in the uterus)
angi/o
vessel
arteri/o
artery
arthr/o
joint
axill/o
armpit
bi/o
life
blephar/o
eyelid
bronch/o
bronchial tubes
carcin/o
cancer
cardi/o
heart
chem/o
drug, chemical
chondr/o
cartilage
chron/o
time
col/o
colon (large intestine)
cyst/o
urniary bladder
encephal/o
brain
erythr/o
red
hem/o
blood
hepat/o
liver
hydr/o
water, fluid
inguin/o
groin
isch/o
to hold back
lapar/o
abdomen, abdominal wall
cerebr/o
cerebrum (largest part of brain)
cephal/o
head
crani/o
skull
psych/o
mind
laryng/o
larynx
leuk/o
white
mamm/o
breast
mast/o
breast
morph/o
shape, form
muc/o
mucus
my/o
muscle
myel/o
spinal cord; bone marrow
necr/o
death (of cells or whole body)
nephr/o
kidney
neur/o
nerve
neutr/o
neutrophil (a white blood cell)
nucle/o
nucleus
ophthalm/o
eye
opi/o
opium
oste/o
bone
ot/o
ear
path/o
disease
peritone/o
peritoneum
phag/o
to eat, swallow
phleb/o
vein
plas/o
formation, development
pleur/o
pleura (membrane surrounding lungs and adjacent to chest wall)
pneumon/o
lungs
pulmon/o
lungs
radi/o
x-rays
rect/o
rectum
ren/o
kidney
rhin/o
nose
sarc/o
flesh
splen/o
spleen
staphyl/o
clusters
strept/o
twisted chains
thorac/o
chest
thromb/o
clot
tonsill/o
tonsils
ven/o
vein
coccyg/o
coccyx=tailbone
laryng/o
larynx=voice box
pharyng/o
pharynx= throat
phalanx= finger or toe
phalang/o
Suffix:
-algia
pain
- > arthralgia
- > fibromyalgia is a common chronic disorder that involves widespread pain in muscles and fibrous tissues around joints
Suffix:
-cele
hernia
-> rectocele
Suffix:
-centesis
puncture to remove fluid
- > thoracentesis
- > amniocentesis
- > abdominal paracentesis (para- means beside or near). A tube is placed through an incision in the abdomen and fluid is removed from the peritoneal cavity (beside the abdominal organs)
Suffix:
- coccus (singular)
- cocci (plural)
berry-shaped bacteria
- > streptococcus
- > staphylococci
Suffix:
-cyte
cell
-> erythrocyte
Suffix:
-dynia
pain
-> pleurodynia: pain in the chest wall muscles that is aggravated with breathing
Suffix:
-ectomy
removal, excision, resection
-> laryngectomy
Suffix:
-emia
blood condition
- > anemia
- > ischemia: literally, to hold back (isch/o) blood (-emia) from a part of the body or tissue. B/c of a decrease in blood supply (blood clot in a vessel or narrowing and closing off of a vessel), tissue becomes ischemic and can even die if it is deprived of oxygen long enough
Anemia
condition marked by reduction in the number of erythrocytes or in the amount of hemoglobin in blood
iron deficiency anemia
iron is needed to make hemoglobin
sickle cell anemia
erythrocytes assume an abnormal sickle shape and clog blood vessels
aplastic anemia
erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes are not formed in bone marrow
Suffix:
-genesis
condition of , producing, forming
-> carcinogenesis
Suffix:
-gram
record
-> mammogram
Suffix:
-graph
instrument for recording
-> electroencephalograph
Suffix:
-graphy
process of recording
Suffix:
-itis
inflammation
->bronchitis
Suffix:
-logy
study of
-> ophthamology
Suffix:
-lysis
breakdown, destruction, seperation
->hemolysis: normal breakdown of red blood cells. excessive destruction of red blood cells can lead to a type of anemia called hemolytic anemia
Suffix:
-malacia
softening
->osteomalacia
Suffix:
-megaly
enlargement
-> acromegaly
Suffix:
-oma
tumor, mass, collection of fluid
- > myoma: benign tumor
- > myosarcoma: malignant tumor. Muscle is a type of flesh (sarc/o) tissue
- > multiple myeloma: myel/o means bone marrow in this term. this malignant tumor occurs in bone marrow tissue throughout the body
Suffix:
-opsy
to view
-> biopsy
Suffix:
-osis
condition, usually abnormal
- > necrosis
- > leukocytosis
Suffix:
-pathy
disease condition
-> cardiomyopathy: primary disease of the heart muscle in the absence of a known underlying etiology (cause)
Suffix:
-penia
deficiency, lack off
-> erythropenia
Suffix:
-phobia
fear
splenomegaly
- > spleen is in left upper quadrant (LUQ)
- > composed of lymph tissue and blood vessels, disposes of dying red blood cells and contains white blood cells to fight disease
- > splenomegaly occurs with development of high blood pressure in hepatic veins and hemolytic blood diseases (anemias involving excessive destruction or lysis of red blood cells).
Suffix:
-plasia
development, formation, growth
-> achondroplasia: This is an inherited disorder or can be the result of a mutation (change) in a specific gene. Bones of the arms and legs do not grow to normal size because of a defect in cartilage and bone formation. Dwarfism results, marked by short limbs but normalsized head and trunk and normal intelligence.
Suffix:
-plasty
surgical repair
-> angioplasty: An interventional cardiologist opens a narrowed blood vessel (artery) using a balloon that is inflated after insertion into the vessel. Stents, or slotted tubes, are then put in place to keep the artery open.
Suffix:
-ptosis
drooping, falling, prolapse
- > blepharoptosis
- > physicians use -ptosis alone to indicate drooping of the upper eyelids or the breasts
Suffix:
-rrhea
flow, discharge
-> rhinorrhea
Suffix:
-sclerosis
hardening
- > arteriosclerosis
- > in atherosclerosis (a form of arteriosclerosis), deposits of fat (ather/o means fatty material) collect in an artery.
Suffix:
-scope
instrument for visual examination
-> laparoscope
blepharoplasty
surgical repair procedure for eyelid
Suffix:
-scopy
process of visual examination(with an endoscope)
->laparoscopy
Suffix:
-stasis
controlling, stopping
-> metastasis: Meta- means beyond. A metastasis is the spread of a malignant tumor beyond its original site to a secondary organ or location.
->hemostasis: Blood flow is stopped naturally by clotting or artificially by compression or suturing of a wound. A hemostat is a surgical clamp used in operating rooms to stop blood flow.
Suffix:
-stomy
opening to form a mouth (stoma)
-> colostomy
Suffix:
-therapy
treatment
- > hydrotherapy
- > chemotherapy
Suffix:
-tomy
incision, cutting into
-> laparotomy
Suffix:
-trophy
development, nourishment
-> hypertrophy: cells increase in size, not number. muscles of weight lifters often hypertrophy.
-> atrophy: cells decrease in size. muscles atrophy when immobilized in a cast and not in use
Suffix:
-er
one who
-> radiographer
Suffix:
-ia
condition
-> leukemia
Suffix:
-ist
specialist
-> nephrologist
Suffix:
-oid
resembling, derived from
-> opioid
Suffix:
-ole
little, small
-> arteriole
Suffix:
-ule
little, small
-> venule
Suffix:
-um, ium
structure, tissue
-> pericardium: this membrane surrounds the heart
Suffix:
-us
structure, substance
- > mucus
- > esophagus
Suffix:
-y
condition, process
->nephropathy
buprenorphine
treats opioid addiction
narcan (naloxone)
medication to counter the effects of life-threatening opoid overdose
Suffix:
-ac, iac
pertaining to
->cardiac
Suffix:
-al
pertaining to
- > peritoneal
- > myocardial: A myocardial infarction (MI) is a heart attack. An infarction is an area of dead tissue (necrosis) resulting from ischemia (lack of blood supply to that tissue).
Suffix:
-ar
pertaining to
-> tonsillar
Suffix:
-ary
pertaining to
-> pulmonary
Suffix:
-eal
pertaining to
-> laryngeal
Suffix:
-genic
pertaining to producing, produced by or in
-> osteogenic: an osteogenic sarcoma is malignant tumor produced in bone
Suffix:
-ic, ical
pertaining to
-> chronic: Acute is the opposite of chronic. It describes a disease that is of rapid onset and has severe symptoms and brief duration.
Suffix:
-ose
pertaining to, full of
-> adipose
Suffix:
-ous
pertaining to
-> mucous membrane
Suffix:
-tic
pertaining to
-> necrotic
breast cancer cells often spread to axillary lymph nodes. the first lymph node to which cancer is most likely spread to is called the sentinel axillary lymph node. it is removed during mastectomy or lumpectomy
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