Chapter 3 Termonology Flashcards
Anatomy for Central Service Technicians
Anatomy
The study of the structure and relationships between body parts.
Physiology
The study of the functions of body parts and the body, as a whole.
Cell
The basic unit of life; the smallest structural unit of living organisms capable of performing all basic functions of life.
Cell Membrane
The outer covering of a cell that regulate what enters and leaves it.
Cytoplasm
Clear, jelly-like substance of a cell between the cell membrane and nucleus.
Nucleus
The functional center of a cell that governs activity and heredity.
Tissue
A group of similar cells that perform a specialized function.
Organ
A part of the body containing two or more tissues that functions together for a specific purpose.
System
A group of organs that work together to carry a specific activity
Tendon
A card of fibrous tissue that attaches a muscle to a bone.
Ligament
A band of connective tissue that connects a bone to another bone.
Cartilage
A type of flexible connective tissue
Ossification
The process by which cartilage is replaced by bone.
Joint
Any place where two bones meet.
Fascia
Band or sheet of fibrous connective tissues.
Central Nervous System (CNS)
The part of the nervous system that includes the brain and spinal cord.
Peripheral Nervous system (PNS)
All nerve tissue outside the central nervous system.
Brain
The main control unit of the central nervous system.
Cerebellum
The second largest part of the brain. It controls muscle coordination, body balance and posture .
Brain Stem
This controls many automatic body functions, such as heartbeat and breathing.
Hormones
Chemical messengers that travel through the blood and act on target organs.
Metabolism
The total chemical changes by which the nutritional and functional activities of an organism are maintained.
Insulin
A hormone that reduces the level of sugar in the blood.
Glucagon
A hormone that can increase the blood sugar level.
Sperm
The male sex cell.
Ovum
The female sex cell.
Chromosomes
Rod-shaped structures responsible for inherited characteristics passed on from parent to child.
Testes
Male reproductive gland that forms and secretes sperm and several fluid element in semen.
Scrotum
Sac in which testes are suspended.
Epididymis
A tube that carries sperm cells from the testes to the vas deferens.
Vas Deferens
A duct that transfer sperm from the epididymis to the seminal vesicle.
Seminal Vesicle
A gland that produces semen.
Semen
Mixture of sperm cells and secretions from several male reproductive glands.
Ejaculatory Duct
A duct formed by the joining of the seminal vesicle with the vas deferens, through which semen moves during ejaculation.
Urethra
A tube that discharges urine.
Penis
Male organ of urination and intercourse.
Prostate Gland
Produces a fluid elements in semen that stimulates the movement of sperm.
Vagina
The muscular canal in a female that extends from an external opening to the neck of the uterus.
Cervix
Lower end (neck) of the urterus
Uterus
A female organ within which the fetus develops during pregnancy.
Endometrium
Lining of the uterus.
Fallopian lubes
Slender tubes that convey the ova
(eggs) from the ovaries to the uterus.
Fimbriae
Finger-like projections extending from the fallopian tubes that draw ova (eggs) into the fallopian tube.
Ovaries
Female reproductive organs.
Kidneys
Organs that remove excess water and waste substance from the blood in a process that yields urine.
Ureters
Tube-like structures extending from the kidneys to the urinary bladder that move urine between these organs.
Urinary Bladder
The reservoir for urine.
Liver
An organ that filters the blood to remove amino acids and neutralize some harmful toxins.
Skin
This organ contains sweat glands that, through the process of perspiration, produces and eliminates sweat.
Nose
Organ of smell; also filters the air we breath.
Mouth
Opening through which air, food and beverages enter the body; beginning of the alimentary canal.
Pharynx
Throat.
Esophagus
Connects the throat to the stomach.
Larynx
Voice box.
Trachea
Windpipe.
Bronchi
The main passageway for air to travel from the trachea to the lungs.
Lungs
Main organs of the respiratory system whose function is transporting oxygen into the blood and removing carbon dioxide from the blood.
Alimentary Canal
The pathway that food take through the digestive system; also called digestive tract.
Stomach
A pouch that serves as a reservoir for food that has been consumed.
Small Intestine
The organ in the digestive system where the greatest amount of digestion and absorption of nutrients into the body cells occurs.
Large Intestine (Colon)
The digestive organ that dehydrates digestive residues (feces)
Rectum
The last several inches of the large intestine.
Anus
The lower opening of the alimentary canal.
Blood
A type of connective tissue fluid that transports many substances throughout the circulatory system.
Plasma
The largest component of the blood. Plasma transports nutrients throughout the body and helps remove wastes from the body.
Red Blood Cells
Blood cells that carry oxygens throughout the body.
White Blood Cells
Blood cells that circulate in the blood and help defend the body against infection or foreign invaders.hose function is
Platelets
Blood cells whose function is to help the blood to clot.
Heart
The muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the body.
Arteries
Vessels that carry blood away from the heart.
Veins
Vessels carry blood back to the heart.
Capillaries
Vessels that serve as connections between veins and arteries.
Aorta
The two upper chambers of the heart.
