Chapter 3 - Summary Questions Flashcards
Which two factors can alter the shape of an enzyme?
pH, temperature.
Name the two types of molecule that form a lipid.
Fatty acids, glycerol
Name the molecules that bond together to form a protein.
Amino acids
Name the enzymes that digest:
a) starch b) proteins c) lipids
a) Amylase b) protease c) lipase
Where is bile made?
In the liver
What is meant by the term “digestion of molecules”?
Large, insoluble molecules are changed into smaller, soluble molecules.
List the tissues found in the stomach and state their function.
Muscular tissue to churn food, glandular tissue to produce digestive juices, epithelial tissue to line the inside and the outside of the stomach.
Why does increasing the temperature increase the rate of a reaction?
The molecules have more energy so they move around faster and collide more often (so there are more collisions in a given time).
Enzymes are catalysts. The rate of an enzyme-catalysed reaction increases as the temperature increases. Explain why.
The enzyme and the substrate molecules move faster so the substrate molecules collide with the active site more often.
Explain why some catalysts can work at 100°C but enzymes cannot.
The shape of other catalysts is not changed by increasing the temperature; enzymes are denatured at high temperatures (which stops them working).
Explain fully how bile helps in the digestion process.
Bile neutralises the stomach acid, makes the conditions in the small intestine slightly alkaline, and emulsifies fats to increase the surface area of the fats for lipase enzymes to act upon.
Describe the effect of pH on an enzyme.
The pH changes the shape of the active site. by changing the forces that hold the protein together; this can make the enzyme work efficiently but the wrong pH denatures the enzyme.
