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psych > Chapter 3 Quiz > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Quiz Flashcards

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GRE® Psychology flashcards Psychology 101 flashcards
1
Q

neurons

A

cells that transmit information

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2
Q

motor neurons

A

both voluntary and involuntary movement

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3
Q

sensory neurons

A

help with taste, smell, hearing, seeing, and feeling things

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4
Q

interneurons

A

located between other neurons that help pass signals

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5
Q

dendrites

A

sends information and receiving info

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6
Q

terminals

A

receives information

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7
Q

neurotransmitters

A

chemical “messengers”

*Packed with terminals

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8
Q

synapses

A

a gap between the neurons, stimulated by electrical activity

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9
Q

when neurons send impulses….

A

ITS ALL OR NOTHING

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10
Q

neurons…

A

don’t touch each other

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11
Q

absolute refractory period

A

a resting period, time between an action potential to the start of another
(Sends messages and then waits to send another)

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12
Q

synaptic cleft and action potential

A

when a presynaptic neuron experiences an action potential, neurotransmitters are released into the synapse. the neurotransmitters are then absorbed by the postsynaptic synapse.

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13
Q

reuptake

A

when the presynaptic neuron reabsorbs unabsorbed neurotransmitters for reuse

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14
Q

SSRIs - selective, serotonin, reuptake inhibitors

A

popular medication for depression

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15
Q

agonists

A

cause the receptor sites in the neurons to activate based on the transmitter
(Increase effects of transmitter)

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16
Q

antagonists

A

block the receptor sites from absorbing the transmitter

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17
Q

neuroplasticity

A

the ability of the neural networks in the brain to change their connections through growth and reorganization

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18
Q

Longterm potentiation

A

persistent strengthening of synapses that leads to long lasting increase in signal transmission (important to memory)

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19
Q

acetylcholine (Ach)

A

involved in arousal, attention, memory, and controls of muscle contractions
Ex: Alzheimer’s disease

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20
Q

norepinephrine (Ne)

A

involved in arousal and mood

Ex: depressive disorders

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21
Q

dopamine (DA)

A

involved in control of movement and sensations of pleasure

Ex: Parkinsonism, schizophrenic, disorders, addictive disorders

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22
Q

serotonin (5-HT)

A

involved in sleep, mood, anxiety, and appetite

Ex: depressive disorders, obsessive-compulsive. disorders, anxiety disorders

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23
Q

gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)

A

involved in sleep and inhibits movement

Ex: anxiety disorders

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24
Q

glutamate

A

involved in learning, memory formation, nervous system development

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25
Q

endorphins

A

involved in pain relief

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26
Q

central nervous system (CNS)

A

brain and spinal cord

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27
Q

brain….

A

interprets and stores info and sends orders to muscles, glands, and organs

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28
Q

spinal cord…

A

pathway connecting the brain and the peripheral nervous system

29
Q

peripheral nervous system (PNS)

A

transmits information to and from the central nervous system

30
Q

autonomic nervous system

A

automatically regulates glands, internal organs, and blood vessels, pupil dilation, digestion, and blood pressure

31
Q

somatic nervous system

A

carries sensory information and controls movement of the skeletal muscles

32
Q

parasympathetic division

A

maintains body functions under ordinary conditions, saves energy

33
Q

sympathetic division

A

prepares the body to react and expand energy in times of stress

34
Q

sensory system

A

carries messages from senses to CNS

35
Q

motor system

A

carries messages from CNS to muscles and glands

36
Q

hormones

A

are chemicals that control various bodily functions

attraction, aggression, appetite

37
Q

pituitary gland

A

“master gland” controls all the glands in the body

38
Q

EEG

A

a test that detects electrical activity to see what’s being stimulated in the brain

39
Q

CT scan

A

two-dimensional x-ray to create a 3D representation of the body

40
Q

PET scan

A

can see functioning of the brain (activity) rather than just structures (uses radioactivity tagged chemicals to see)

41
Q

MRI

A

uses magnetic fields, radio waves, and computerized enhancement to map out brain structure creating 3D pictures

42
Q

fMRI

A

can measure blood flow and oxygen usage so it measures activity similar to a PET

43
Q

lesioning

A

doesn’t actually allow us to see the brain, destroys a piece of the brain

44
Q

ESB

A

sends a weak electrical current into a brain structure to stimulate it, often used on patients with severe depression

45
Q

TMS

A

permits scientists to temporarily enhance or depress activity in a specific area of the brain (uses magnetic fields)

46
Q

brain is divided into two…..

A

hemispheres

47
Q

left hemisphere

A

controls right side of body
speech language and comprehension
analysis and calculations

48
Q

right hemisphere

A

controls left side of body
creativity
spatial ability
context/perception

49
Q

reticular formation

A

regulates pain and intention

50
Q

cerebellum

A

a.k.a. “little brain”, regulates balance and coordination and judging distances

51
Q

cerebral cortex

A

(higher functioning)

outer layer of the brain, where the four lobes are

52
Q

corpus collosum

A

allows the hemispheres to communicate, it’s the bridge between the two

53
Q

thalamus

A

relay station between the brainstem and cortex (sensory signals)

54
Q

hypothalamus

A

important in regulating autonomic nervous system, helps regulate body temp, sleep and fatigue play a role

55
Q

hippocampus

A

turns information into long term memory, also important in spatial perception

56
Q

pons

A

they relay information from the brainstem to the cerebellum and cortex

57
Q

medulla oblongata

A

maintains regulating heart rate, breathing, digestion, and swallowing

58
Q

the limbic system

A

helps us to process pleasant emotions and unpleasant emotion

59
Q

amygdala

A

processes emotion, fear, and aggression responses

60
Q

left side of brain:

Broca’s area

A

production of speech

61
Q

left side of brain:

Wernicke’s area

A

understanding speech/language

62
Q

neuroplasticity

A

the ability of the brain to create new neurons, from neural connections, and recruit neurons from other parts of the brain to perform functions

63
Q

mirror neurons

A

neurons that fire both when an organism itself is doing a behavior, organism do the same
ex: yawning

64
Q

heritability

A

a measure of the degree to which out traits are inherited

65
Q

natural selection

A

Charles Darwin

66
Q

frontal lobe (motor cortex)

A

reasoning, planning, speech, movement, emotions, problem solving

67
Q

parietal lobe (sensory cortex)

A

movement, orientation, recognition, perception

68
Q

temporal lobe (primary auditory cortex)

A

auditory perception, memory, speech

69
Q

occipital lobe (primary visual cortex)

A

visual processing center

psych (11 decks)

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