Chapter 10 Quiz

Question 1

Theories of Motivation?

Answer 1

1. Instincts
2. Drive (physical)
3. Incentive (psychological)
4. Arousal

Question 2

Instincts

Answer 2

an innate, typically fixed pattern of behavior in animals in response to certain stimuli (Biologically Programmed Behavior)

Question 3

Motives

Answer 3

the needs, wants, interests, and desires that propel people in certain directions (Goal-Directed Behavior)

Question 4

Range & Diversity of Human Motives

Answer 4

Biological: Social:
-hunger motive -achievement motive
-sleep and rest motive (need to excel
-thirst motive -affiliation motive
(need for social bonds)

Question 5

Drive vs. Incentive

Answer 5

-Drive theories emphasize how internal states of tension push people in certain directions. (generally physiological)
-Incentive theories emphasize how external stimuli pull people in certain directions. (generally psychological)

Question 6

Drive Theory

Answer 6

Internal state of tension that motivates an organism to engage in activities that should reduce this tension.
physiological = push

Theories:
-Does not explain all motivation

Question 7

Homeostasis

Answer 7

a state of physiological equilibrium or stability (back to normal)

Question 8

Incentives

Answer 8

something that motivates or encourages someone to do something

Question 9

Incentive Theory

Answer 9

An external goal that has the capacity to motivate behavior.
Ex: money, grades, promotion, college of choice acceptance

psychological =pull

Question 10

Intrinsic

Answer 10

internally rewarding; you do something because you get personal satisfaction out of it

Question 11

Extrinsic

Answer 11

externally rewarding; you do something to get rewarded or avoid punishment

Question 12

2 Types of Motivators for Incentive Theory?

Answer 12

Intrinsic and Extrinsic

Question 13

Overjustification Effect

Answer 13

a phenomenon in which being rewarded for doing something actually diminishes intrinsic motivation to perform that action

Question 14

Achievement Motive

Answer 14

the need to master difficult challenges, to outperform others, and to meet high standards of excellence

Question 15

Achievement

Answer 15

a subjects need for achievement can be tested on the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

Question 16

Determinants of Achievement Behavior

Answer 16

-the strength of one’s motivation to achieve success
-ones estimate of the probability of success for the task
-the incentive value of success

Question 17

Yerkes-Dodson Law

Answer 17

-suggests that there is a relationship between performance and arousal
-arousal means to excise or stir to action

Question 18

Yerkes-Dodson Law (def.)

Answer 18

moderate arousal leads to optimal performance

Question 19

Hunger and Eating

Answer 19

hypothalamus controls hunger incentive value of food

Question 20

Incentive Value:

Answer 20

-palatability (like the taste)
-quantity available
-variety
-presence of others

Question 21

Obesity

Answer 21

set of point theory proposes that weight tends to drift around the level where the bodies food consumption and energy expenditure achieve an equilibrium

Question 22

Evolutionary Analysis of Sexual Behavior

Answer 22

parental investment refers to what each sex has to invest-in terms of time, energy, survival risk, and forgone opportunities -to produce and nurture off-spring

Question 23

Sexual Orientation

Answer 23

Alfred Kinsey found sexual orientation to be on a seven point-point spectrum from “exclusively heterosexual” to “excludible homosexual

Question 24

Emotions Involve:

Answer 24

1. s subjective conscious experience (the cognitive component)
2. Bodily arousal (the physiological components)
3. characteristics overt expressions (the behavior components)

Question 25

*Emotions are highly Persian, subjective experiences

Question 26

Physiological Component

Answer 26

autonomic nervous system - fight or flight responses

Question 27

Galvanic Skin Responses (GSR)

Answer 27

an increase in the electrical conductivity of the skin that occurs when sweat glands increase their activity

Question 28

Polygraph (lie dectore)

Answer 28

an increase in the electrical conditioning of the skin that occurs when sweat glands increase their activity

Question 29

Emotions is immediate and specific

Answer 29

l
V

Question 30

Theories of Emotion:

Answer 30

skip

Question 31

Common Sense View

Answer 31

stimulus > emotion > arousal

Question 32

James - Lange Theory

Answer 32

stimulus > arousal > emotion

Question 33

Cannon-Bard Theory

Answer 33

stimulus > emotion and arousal

Question 34

Schachter > arousal > cognition

Answer 34

stimulus > arousal > cognition

Question 35

Schuh-Singer Two-factors Theory

Answer 35

stimulus > arousal > cognition > emotion

Question 36

6 Basic Emotions:

Answer 36

Fear, Anger, Joy, Sadness, Disgust, and Surprise

Question 37

Facial Feedback Hypothesis

Answer 37

*states that facial expressions can influence emotional experience
Ex: an individual who is forced to smile during a social event will actually come to find the event unlikely enjoyable

Question 38

Evolutionary Theories of Emotions

Answer 38

-Darwin felt that emotional developed due to their adaptive value
-Evolutionary theories consider emotions to be largely innate reactions to certain stimuli
-Emotions developed before though
~Thought plays little role on emotions
-Natural Selection has equipped humans with a small number of innate emotions with proven adaptive value