chapter 3 PARTS OF A CELL

Question 1

a thin sheet of lipid and protein that surrounds the cytoplasm and controls the flow of materials in and out of the cell poll

Answer 1

cytoplasmic membrane

Question 2

the cytoplasmic membrane is made up of

Answer 2

protein and lipids

Question 4

composed of condensed DNA molecules. DNA direct all genetics and heredity of the cell and codes for all proteins

Answer 4

bacterial chromosome or nucleoid

Question 5

tiny particles composed of protein and RNA that are teh sites of protein sunthesis

Answer 5

ribosomes

Question 6

water-based solution filling the entire cell

Answer 6

cytoplasm

Question 7

single layer of protein used for protection and or attachment

Answer 7

s layer

Question 8

fine hair like bristles extending from the cell surface that help in adhesion to other cells and surfaces

Answer 8

fimbriae

Question 9

what does the outer membrane contain that the cytoplasmic membrane does not

Answer 9

lipopolysacchride

Question 10

controls flow of materials and portions of it are toxic to mammals when released

Answer 10

outer membrane

Question 11

semirigid casing that provides structural support and shape for the cell

Answer 11

cell wall

Question 12

long fibers of proteins that encircle the cell just inside the cytoplasmic membrane adn contribute to shape of the cell

Answer 12

cytoskeleton

Question 13

what is the cytoskeleton made from

Answer 13

proteins

Question 14

an appendage used for drawing another bacterium close in order to transfer DNA to it

Answer 14

pilus

Question 16

a coating or layer of molecules external to the cell wall

Answer 16

glycocalyx

Question 17

t/f all bacteria cells have inclusion/granule

Answer 17

false- some

Question 18

what four things do all bacteria cells have

Answer 18

cytoplasm membrane, ribosomes, cytoplasm, bacterial chromosome

Question 19

stored nutrients such as fat, phosphate, or glycogen deposited in dense crystals or particles that can be tapped into when needed is called ________

Answer 19

inclusion/granule

Question 20

______ are protein coated packets used to localize enzymes and other proteins in the cytoplasm. They contain enzymes and other proteins. They help keep these proteins organized and focused on specific tasks, improving how efficiently the cell can carry out certain processes.

Answer 20

bacterial microcompartments

Question 21

double stranded DNA circle containing extra genes

Answer 21

plasmid

Question 22

specialized appendage attached to the cell by a basal body that holds a long rotating filament. The movement pushed the cell forward and provides motility

Answer 22

flagellum

Question 23

thin tubular membrane extensions that allow bacteria to transmit electrons or nutrients to other bacteria onto enviornmental surfaces

Answer 23

nanotubes

Question 24

dormant body formed within some bacteria that allows for their survival in adverse conditions

Answer 24

endospore

Question 25

do some bacteria cells have intracellular membranes?

Answer 25

Yes While most bacteria lack membrane-bound organelles like those found in eukaryotic cells, certain groups of bacteria, such as cyanobacteria and some planctomycetes, possess intracellular membranes that can compartmentalize various metabolic processes

Question 26

two acids contained in gram +

Answer 26

contains teichoic acid and lipteichoic

Question 27

a polymer of ribitol or glycerol (alcohol) and phosphate that is embedded in the peptidoglycan matrix

Answer 27

Teichoic acid

Question 28

attached to lipids in the cytoplasmic membrane and similar in structure to other acid found in membrane of gram + bacterial cells

Answer 28

Lipoteichoic acid

Question 29

what do lipoteichoic acid and teichoic acid do

Answer 29

they function in cell wall maintenance and enlargement during cell division adn also contribute the acidic charge on cell surface

Question 30

the _______ membrane differs from the cytoplasmic membrane because it contains specialized types of _______ and ______

Answer 30

outer membrane, polysaccharides and proteins

Question 31

the upper most layer of the outer membrane is different because some of the phospholipid molecules are replaced with a macromolecule called ____

Answer 31

lipopolysaccharide

Question 32

the lipid portion of lipopolysaccharid is referred to as a _______ because it stimulates fever and shock reactions in gram negative infections

Answer 32

endotoxin

Question 32

the ______ chains extending off the surface of gram-negative outer membranes are called _______

Answer 32

polysaccharide, lipopolysaccharides

Question 32

what do lipopolysaccharides function as

Answer 32

signaling molecules and receptors

Question 33

what gram negative infections cause _____ and ____ due to the endotoxin on lipopolysaccharide

Answer 33

typhoid fever and meningitis

Question 33

in gram negative bacteria the _______ acts as a sieve allowing only relatively small molecules to penetrate. These molecules pass through the membrane via channels formed by ______

Answer 33

outer membrane, porin proteins that span the entire outer membrane.

Question 34

the inner most layer of the outer membrane is anchored by ____ to the peptidoglycan cell wall layer below

Answer 34

lipoproteins