CHAPTER 1 Flashcards
t/f microorganisms reproduce rapidly
true
t/f microbes can be grown quickly in large populations in the labratory
true
t/f microbes cannot be seen directly
true
t/f microbes are analyzed through direct means
false - indirect
t/f some microbes can be seen without microscope
false
which is not considered a microbe
a. bacterium
b.alga
c.mushroom
d.protozoan
c mushroom
____ have shaped the development of earth’s habitat for billions of years
microbes
single celled organisms appeared on thsi planet ____ years aog
3.8 billion
Cell types arose from a single common ancestor call ___
LCA LAST COMMON ANCESTOR
eukaryotes mean ________ nucleus
no nucleus
t/fbacteria can be multi celled
false
t/f some bacteria have a nucleus
false
t/f some archaea are multi celled
false
t/f some archaea have a nucleus
false
archaea are the same as bacteria
false distinct
Akaryote means
no nucleus
prokaryotes mean
pre nucleus
Eukaryotes are a larger majority compared to bacteria
false
hwo do akaryote and prekaryote differ
samething, no nucelus vs pre nucleus
Where are microbes found
a. earths crust
b. polar ice caps
c. inside bodies of plans
d. earth landscape
ALL
______ have undergone yeras of testing adn nto been disproved
are well studied and established
not random guess
theories
light fueled conversion of carbon dioxide to organic material accompanied by the formation of oxygen
photosynthesis
occurred in bacteria before plants evolved, did not produce oxygen
anoxygenic photosynthesis
what did oxygenic photosynthesis evolve from
anoxygenic photosynthesis
t/f an-oxygenic photosynthesis is more efficient in extracting energy from sunlight
false - oxygenic photosynthesis
photosynthetic microorganisms are responsible for ____ % of the earths photosynthesis
70%
bacteria alone are the main forces that drive the structure and content fo the soil, water adn atmospher
false - all microbes
____ produce CO2, NO, and CH4 that insulate the earths atmoshphere
microbes
t/f prokaryotes are the most abundant cellular organisms in the oceans
false - bacteria
_______ are the most abundant inhabitants of the oceans
viruses
viruses are a cellular organisms
false
bacteria and fungi live in close association with ____ and assist them in obtaining nutrients and water and protect against disease
plants
bread production, alcohol production, cheese production are examples of uses of _____ by humans
microbes
________ manipulates the genetics of microbes, plants and animals for the purpose of creating new products and genetically modified organisms
genetic engineering
______ makes it possible to transfer genetic material from one organism to another and deliberately alter DNA
recombinant DNA technology
_____ uses microbes already present in introduced intentionally to restore or clean up toxic pollutants
bio remediation
t/f the majority of microorgansims that associate with humans are harmful.
true
whats a pathogen
microbe that causes disease
t/f there is only an association between infectious disease and microbes
false - also noninfectious
whats an example of a noninfectious disease that has an association with microbes
gastric ulcers caused by helicobacter pylori
diseases such as heart disease, gastric ulcers, diabetes adn multiple sclerosis may have microbial cause
true
explain a couple infectious disease trends
increaseing number of patients with weakened immune systems are subject to infectious by common microbes that are not pathogenic to healthy people.
increase in microbes that are resistant to drugs
nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts are examples of
organelles
t/f all eukaryotes are microscopic
false
bacteria adn archaea are ____ times smaller than eukaryotes
10x
t/f SOME bacteria and archaea lack organelles
false - all
t/f viruses are independently livin gcellular oganisms
false
____ are cposed of a small amount of heredity info (DNA or RNA) surrounded by a protein coat and sometimes a membrane
virus
prions are ____ than viruses
simpler
prions have no nucleic acid (DNA/RNA) only ____
protein
prions act like an _____ organism
infectious
what is this an image of
archaea
what is this an image of
fungus
image of your
what is this an image of
protozoa
what is this an image of
virus
t/f fungus is smaller than a bacteria
false
_____ studied roles of microorganisms in the fermentation of beer and wine
Louis Pasteur
what was used to disprove spontaneous generation
swan necked flask
how did loui pasteur disprove spontaneous generation
filled flasks with broth and shaped the openings into long swan-necked tubes
heated the flasks to sterilize the broth
flasks that were exposed to dust from the air showed microbial growth
flasks exposed to air but not dust showed no microbial growth
what is spontaneous generation
belief that invisible vital forces present in matter led to creation o flife
t/f even after the discovery of microbes, the belief in abiogenesis (which embraced spontaneous generation) was embraced by some scientists
true
the ____ was a breakthrough in our ablity to detect tiny amounts of DNA and then amplify them into uantities sufficient for studying
PCR
___ are very large molecules
macromolecule
four main types of macromolecules
- carbohydrates
- lipids
- proteins
- nucleic acids
___ are subunits of macromolecules
monomers
polymers are chains of various lengths of____
monomers
