Chapter 3 (Notes) Cell Interior 1

Question 1

cell wall in bacteria

Answer 1

peptidoglycan (murein); sugar backbone and peptides

NAM/NAG x-linked by peptides

Question 2

what creates turgor pressure

Answer 2

influx of water in the cell b/c of a high [ ] macromolecules

Question 3

gram negative

Answer 3

1-2 layers of peptidoglycan surrounded by outer memb

outer memb/lead made of lipopolysaccharide

inner leaf made of phospholipids

lipoproteins connected to peptidoglycan

Question 4

perplasm

Answer 4

space peptidoglycan occupies

Question 5

porins are found in the ____ membrane

Answer 5

outer

Question 6

gram positive

Answer 6

no outer memb

thick peptidoglycan layer

teichoic acid (neg charge) gives net neg

binds to cations/bacteriophage

Question 7

s-layer

Answer 7

crystalline array of protein subunits

Question 8

5 interior structures in a prokaryotic cell

Answer 8

cytoplasm

nucleoid region

ribosome (granular)

cytoskeleton

cytoplasmic membrane

Question 9

cytoskeleton 3 shape-determining proteins

Answer 9

FtsZ

MreB

CreS

Question 10

FtsZ

Answer 10

forms a Z ring in spherical cells

Question 11

MreB

Answer 11

forms a coil in rod-shaped cells

similar to actin

Question 12

CreS (Crescentin)

Answer 12

forms a polymer on the inner side of crescent shaped bacteria

similar to intermediate fibers

Question 13

nucleoid

Answer 13

clear, irregular area where prok genome is separated from cytoplasm

no membrane

no eukaryotic-type mitotic apparatus

no ribosomes

Question 14

exception to nucleoid in planctomyces

Answer 14

have double memb around nucleoid

Question 15

the nucleoid DNA =

Answer 15

genome

single, circular molecule of dsDNA

some bacteria have linear chromosomes and some have many non-identical chromosomes

Question 16

nucleoid assembly

Answer 16

bacterial chromosomes have supercoiled, looped domains

lots of proteins condense chromosome…DNA gyrase

Question 17

significance of lacking a nuclear memb

Answer 17

transcription takes place at nucleoid-cytoplasm border

translation occurs immediately after transcription starts (polyribosomes)

transertion

Question 18

what is transertion

Answer 18

secreted proteins have translation coupled to memb insertion via signal recognition particles (SRP)

Question 19

is there faster replication and production of proteins in prok?

Answer 19

yes, b/c translation occurs immediately after transcription starts on a polyribosome

Question 20

antibiotics can target aspects of _______ and _______

Answer 20

transcription, translation

Question 21

Rifampin blocks __ _______

Answer 21

RNA synthesis

Question 22

Tetracycline blocks ______ by binding __ ______

Answer 22

tRNA, 30S subunit

Question 23

Erythromycin blocks _____ ________ by binding ___ ______

Answer 23

peptide elongation, 50S subunit

Question 24

4 terms in prok DNA replication

Answer 24

semi-conservative

bidirectional

antiparallel

continuous/discontinuous synthesis

Question 25

prokaryotic DNA replication occurs by _____ _______

Answer 25

binary fission

1 cell into 2

Question 26

replisome

Answer 26

protein associated w/ DNA replication

Question 27

origin of replication

Answer 27

start of synthesis

DNA polymerase binds

Question 28

______ completes cell division

Answer 28

septation (cytokinesis)

replication of the termination site triggers growth of dividing partition/septum

septum grows inward, constricting and sealing off two daughter cells

Question 29

______ _________ of septation is key to determining the shape and arrangement of _______

Answer 29

spatial orientation, cocci

parallel planes - streptococci

random planes - staphylococci

perpendicular planes - tetrads/sarcinae