Chapter 3 (Notes) Cell Interior 1 Flashcards
cell wall in bacteria
peptidoglycan (murein); sugar backbone and peptides
NAM/NAG x-linked by peptides
what creates turgor pressure
influx of water in the cell b/c of a high [ ] macromolecules
gram negative
1-2 layers of peptidoglycan surrounded by outer memb
outer memb/lead made of lipopolysaccharide
inner leaf made of phospholipids
lipoproteins connected to peptidoglycan
perplasm
space peptidoglycan occupies
porins are found in the ____ membrane
outer
gram positive
no outer memb
thick peptidoglycan layer
teichoic acid (neg charge) gives net neg
binds to cations/bacteriophage
s-layer
crystalline array of protein subunits
5 interior structures in a prokaryotic cell
cytoplasm
nucleoid region
ribosome (granular)
cytoskeleton
cytoplasmic membrane
cytoskeleton 3 shape-determining proteins
FtsZ
MreB
CreS
FtsZ
forms a Z ring in spherical cells
MreB
forms a coil in rod-shaped cells
similar to actin
CreS (Crescentin)
forms a polymer on the inner side of crescent shaped bacteria
similar to intermediate fibers
nucleoid
clear, irregular area where prok genome is separated from cytoplasm
no membrane
no eukaryotic-type mitotic apparatus
no ribosomes
exception to nucleoid in planctomyces
have double memb around nucleoid
the nucleoid DNA =
genome
single, circular molecule of dsDNA
some bacteria have linear chromosomes and some have many non-identical chromosomes
nucleoid assembly
bacterial chromosomes have supercoiled, looped domains
lots of proteins condense chromosome…DNA gyrase
significance of lacking a nuclear memb
transcription takes place at nucleoid-cytoplasm border
translation occurs immediately after transcription starts (polyribosomes)
transertion
what is transertion
secreted proteins have translation coupled to memb insertion via signal recognition particles (SRP)
is there faster replication and production of proteins in prok?
yes, b/c translation occurs immediately after transcription starts on a polyribosome
antibiotics can target aspects of _______ and _______
transcription, translation
Rifampin blocks __ _______
RNA synthesis
Tetracycline blocks ______ by binding __ ______
tRNA, 30S subunit
Erythromycin blocks _____ ________ by binding ___ ______
peptide elongation, 50S subunit
4 terms in prok DNA replication
semi-conservative
bidirectional
antiparallel
continuous/discontinuous synthesis
prokaryotic DNA replication occurs by _____ _______
binary fission
1 cell into 2
replisome
protein associated w/ DNA replication
origin of replication
start of synthesis
DNA polymerase binds
______ completes cell division
septation (cytokinesis)
replication of the termination site triggers growth of dividing partition/septum
septum grows inward, constricting and sealing off two daughter cells
______ _________ of septation is key to determining the shape and arrangement of _______
spatial orientation, cocci
parallel planes - streptococci
random planes - staphylococci
perpendicular planes - tetrads/sarcinae
