Chapter 1 (Notes)

Question 1

Robert Hooke

Answer 1

1665 - devised most famous experiment of compound microscope

found mold on thin slices of cork

termed “cell”

Question 2

Van Leewenhook

Answer 2

1670 - developed simple microscope to observe single cells

saw spirilla “animalcules” before coffee, deduced heat kills them

Question 3

Louid Pasteur

Answer 3

disproved spontaneous generation

had flask with bend in it to trap microbes

discovered that microbes ferment wine/beer

Question 4

abiogenesis

Answer 4

life can come from non-life (spontaneous generation)

Question 5

3 types of microbes

Answer 5

prokaryotes (bacteria, archae)

eukaryotes (protists, fungi, green algae)

viruses

Question 6

Ernst Hackel

Answer 6

1800s - naturalist/artist that distinguished microbes from plants and animals

used cell structure, biochemistry, and lifestyle

studied 4000 species of radiolarian

Question 7

electron microscopy

Answer 7

1930s

uses electrons instead of light/UV

increases resolving power to visualize cellular ultrastructure

able to see structures differences btw prok and euk

Question 8

Lynn Margulis

Answer 8

1900s - endosymbiotic theory for evolution of euk

genetic and structural evidence

aerobic bacterium –> mitochondtia (chloroplast in cyanobacteria)

Question 9

Woese and Fox

Answer 9

1977 - 3 domains of life

gene sequence analysis showed that prok (bacteria, archae)

used small ribosomal subunit DNA as a molecular clock

led to molecular microbial ecology

Question 10

the DNA revolution of the 20th century began with ______

Answer 10

bacteria

Question 11

most life is ______

Answer 11

microscopic

Question 12

steps of a metagenome project

Answer 12

select a site and collect a sample

filter

extract DNA

sequence/functional analysis