Chapter 3: Nervous System Organization Flashcards
What planes can the nervous system be cut into?
- Horizontal
- Coronal
- Saggital
What are structures that lie on the same side called?
ipsilateral
Structures that are on different sides are…
Contralateral
Any movement towards the brain is..
Afferent
Any movement away from the brain is…
Efferent
What are the divisions of the nervous system
Central and Peripheral
What are the subdivisions of the PNS called?
The Automatic and Somatic
The somatic nervous system deals with voluntary movements
True or False?
True
This is done by sending information through your muscles
What are the divisions of the autonomic nervous system?
Sympathetic and parasympathetic
What is the sympathetic nervous system?
-The fight or flight subdivision
One can have dilated pupils, inhibited digestion, and an accelerated heartbeat.
What is the parasympathetic nervous system
a subdivision for “resting and digesting”
One has constricted pupils, a slow heartbeat, and activated digestion.
What is the Ventricular System?
Hollow, interconnected chambers filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
What are Lateral Ventricles?
Surrounds the cerebral cortex and lies within the telencephalon (part of the forebrain)
The hindbrain consists of…
The reticular formation and cerebellum
What is the cerebellum?
-Is responsible for motor coordination and motor learning.
-Damage can lead to equilibrium problems, postural defects, and impairments of skilled motor activity.
What does the reticular formation do?
It is responsible for controlling general arousal and consciousness
What is the Medulla responsible for?
Controls automatic functions such as breathing and heart rate
What are the parts of the midbrain?
The tectum and the tegmentum
What does the tectum do?
Includes nuclei that is involved in orienting movement from the head and eyes to objects.
The superior colliculus receives visual input
the inferior colliculus receives auditory input
What are the parts of the diencephalon?
The Thalamus, Hypothalamus, and epithalamus
What does the Thalamus do?
Includes nuclei that projects to specific areas of the cortex.
What does the hypothalamus do?
Involved in motivated behaviors (such as sleep and sex) and interacts with the pituitary gland to control many endocrine functions.
Pineal gland
Secretes the hormone melatonin.
The forebrain includes
The basal ganglia, The limbic system, and the neocortex.
The Basal ganglia is…
The subcortical structure associated with movement and learning.
The limbic system includes the…
Amygdala and the hippocampus
The amygdala deals with…
emotional memory
What is the function of the hippocampus?
Personal memory
What is the substantia nigra?
Is a black substance found within the brain that in involved in motor function
What are the structures of the brainstem called?
- Medulla
- Pons
- Hippocampus
What are the three forebrain structures?
Basal Ganglia
Cerebral Hemispheres
Amygdala
What is the name of the postcentral gyrus?
Primary somatosensory cortex
What is the name of the precentral gyrus?
Primary motor cortex. This is responsible for the production of movement such as writing.
What are the vetricles called?
- Lateral Ventricles (surrounds the cerebral cortex)
- Third Ventricle (lies within the telencephalon)
- Cerebral Aqueduct
- Fourth Ventricle (Within the hindbrain)
What are the Meninges called?
- Pia Mater (Inside)
-Arachnoid Membrane - Dura Mater (Outside)
