Chapter 1: The Development of Neuropsychology Flashcards
Neuropsychology
The scientific study of the relations between brain function and behavior
Brain Theory
The theory that state that the brain is the source of behavior
Neuron theory
The idea that the unit of brain function is the neuron, or neve cell.
Brain
The old English word for the tissue that is found within the skull.
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
Fluid that removes waste products.
Cerebral Cortex
The outer layer of gray matter on the surface
of the cerebral hemispheres and composed of neurons and their synaptic connections that form six sublayers.
Longitudinal fissure
Divides the left and right hemispheres of the brain.
Lateral fissure
Divides each hemisphere into halves.
Commissures
The pathways within the brain with the largest being the corpus callosum.
What are the four lobes of the cortex?
Temporal
Frontal
Parietal
Occipital
What is the largest commissure in the brain called?
Corpus callosum
Forebrain
Includes the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, thalamus, amygdala, hippocampus, and septum.
What is the forebrain connected to?
The brain stem and the spinal cord.
What makes up the Central Nervous System (CNS)?
The brain and spinal cord.
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
The collective name for all the neurons in the body that are located outside of the brain and spinal cord
-Can regrow after damage
What ae the two section of the PNS?
Semantic
Autonomic
What does the somatic Nervous System have and do?
Sensory pathways which carry messages for specific senses such as hearing, touch, and vision.
There are also motor pathways that connect the brain and spinal cord to the body’s muscles.
Autonomic Nervous System (Part of the peripheral system)
Contain sensory and motor connection to internal body organs.
What are the theories of brain and behavior?
1.Mentalism
2. Dualism
3. Materialism
What is mentalism?
The theory that a person’s mind is responsible for behavior
What is dualism?
The theory created by Rene Descartes which states that the mind and body are separate but still work together.
What is the localization of function?
The idea proposed by Josef Gall explains that “different specific brain areas control each kind of behavior.
What is lateralization?
The idea that different parts of the brain are for certain abilities.
What are the parts of a neuron?
-Dendrites
-Axon
-Cell body (soma)
Trephining
Cutting a circular hole in the skull
What is H.M’s Amnesia?
The removal of temporal lobe tissue
What is Broca’s Aphasia?
Any damage to the Broca’s area.
The inability to comprehend or produce meaningful speech even though the production of words remains intact.
What is Wernicke’s aphasia?
What fields contributed to neuropsychology?
Trephination (cutting a circular hole in the skull)
H.M’s Amnesia (temporal lobe tissue removal)
Contemporary neurosurgery
What is conduction aphasia?
Speech deficit in which repetition is impaired due to damage to the arcuate fibers that connect Wernicke’s and Broca’s areas
