Chapter 1: The Development of Neuropsychology

Question 1

Neuropsychology

Answer 1

The scientific study of the relations between brain function and behavior

Question 2

Brain Theory

Answer 2

The theory that state that the brain is the source of behavior

Question 3

Neuron theory

Answer 3

The idea that the unit of brain function is the neuron, or neve cell.

Question 4

Brain

Answer 4

The old English word for the tissue that is found within the skull.

Question 5

Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

Answer 5

Fluid that removes waste products.

Question 6

Cerebral Cortex

Answer 6

The outer layer of gray matter on the surface
of the cerebral hemispheres and composed of neurons and their synaptic connections that form six sublayers.

Question 7

Longitudinal fissure

Answer 7

Divides the left and right hemispheres of the brain.

Question 8

Lateral fissure

Answer 8

Divides each hemisphere into halves.

Question 9

Commissures

Answer 9

The pathways within the brain with the largest being the corpus callosum.

Question 10

What are the four lobes of the cortex?

Answer 10

Temporal
Frontal
Parietal
Occipital

Question 11

What is the largest commissure in the brain called?

Answer 11

Corpus callosum

Question 12

Forebrain

Answer 12

Includes the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, thalamus, amygdala, hippocampus, and septum.

Question 13

What is the forebrain connected to?

Answer 13

The brain stem and the spinal cord.

Question 14

What makes up the Central Nervous System (CNS)?

Answer 14

The brain and spinal cord.

Question 15

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Answer 15

The collective name for all the neurons in the body that are located outside of the brain and spinal cord
-Can regrow after damage

Question 16

What ae the two section of the PNS?

Answer 16

Semantic
Autonomic

Question 17

What does the somatic Nervous System have and do?

Answer 17

Sensory pathways which carry messages for specific senses such as hearing, touch, and vision.

There are also motor pathways that connect the brain and spinal cord to the body’s muscles.

Question 18

Autonomic Nervous System (Part of the peripheral system)

Answer 18

Contain sensory and motor connection to internal body organs.

Question 19

What are the theories of brain and behavior?

Answer 19

1.Mentalism
2. Dualism
3. Materialism

Question 20

What is mentalism?

Answer 20

The theory that a person’s mind is responsible for behavior

Question 21

What is dualism?

Answer 21

The theory created by Rene Descartes which states that the mind and body are separate but still work together.

Question 22

What is the localization of function?

Answer 22

The idea proposed by Josef Gall explains that “different specific brain areas control each kind of behavior.

Question 23

What is lateralization?

Answer 23

The idea that different parts of the brain are for certain abilities.

Question 24

What are the parts of a neuron?

Answer 24

-Dendrites
-Axon
-Cell body (soma)

Question 25

Trephining

Answer 25

Cutting a circular hole in the skull

Question 26

What is H.M’s Amnesia?

Answer 26

The removal of temporal lobe tissue

Question 27

What is Broca’s Aphasia?

Answer 27

Any damage to the Broca’s area.

Question 28

The inability to comprehend or produce meaningful speech even though the production of words remains intact.

Answer 28

What is Wernicke’s aphasia?

Question 29

What fields contributed to neuropsychology?

Answer 29

Trephination (cutting a circular hole in the skull)
H.M’s Amnesia (temporal lobe tissue removal)
Contemporary neurosurgery

Question 30

What is conduction aphasia?

Answer 30

Speech deficit in which repetition is impaired due to damage to the arcuate fibers that connect Wernicke’s and Broca’s areas