Chapter 3 - Cell Biology Flashcards
basic units of all living things
Cells
forms the outer boundary of the cell, through which the cell interacts with its external environment.
plasma membrane or cell
membrane
usually located centrally; it directs cell activities
nucleus
where most cell activities take place, located
between the plasma membrane and the nucleus
cytoplasm
specialized structures that perform specific
functions
organelles
Functions of cell (4)
- Cell metabolism and energy use
- Synthesis of molecules
- Communication
- Reproduction and inheritance
outer boundary of the cell; controls
the entry and exit of substances
Plasma Membrane
the control center of the cell; DNA within the
nucleus regulates protein (e.g., enzyme) synthesis and therefore the chemical reactions of the cell
Nucleus
Serves as site of protein synthesis
Ribosome
Synthesizes proteins and transports them to Golgi apparatus
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Manufactures lipids and carbohydrates; detoxifies harmful chemicals; stores calcium
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Modifies, packages, and distributes proteins and lipids for secretion or internal use
Golgi apparatus
Contains digestive enzymes
Lysosome
Serves as one site of lipid and amino acid degradation; breaks down hydrogen peroxide
Peroxisome
Break down proteins in the cytoplasm
Proteasomes
Are major sites of ATP synthesis when oxygen is available
Mitochondria
Serve as centers for microtubule formation; determine cell polarity during cell division; form the basal bodies of cilia and flagella
Centrioles
Move materials over the surface of cells
Cilia
propels spermatozoa
Flagellum
Increase surface area of the plasma membrane for absorption and secretion; modified to form sensory receptors
Microvilli
Two major types of microscopes
light microscopes and electron microscopes
allow us to visualize the general features of cells, such as the nucleus. But the magnification of light microscopes is
limited, so not all cell structures can be thoroughly investigated
Light microscopes
can reveal features of the cell surface and the surfaces of internal structures
electron microscopes
In order to study the fine structures of cells, researchers use
electron microscopes