Chapter 1 - The Human Organism Flashcards
The scientific discipline that investigates the body’s structures
Anatomy
Examines the relationship between the structure of a body part and its function
Anatomy
Levels of Anatomy (3)
Developmental, Gross, Surface Anatomy
Developmental Anatomy (3)
Embryology, Cytology, Histology
Studies the structural changes that occur
between conception and adulthood
Developmental anatomy
Considers changes from conception to the end of the eighth week of development
Embryology
Examines the structural features of cells,
Cytology
Examines tissues, which are composed of
cells and the materials surrounding them
Histology
the study of structures that can be examined
without the aid of a microscope
Gross anatomy
Approaches of Gross anatomy (2)
systemic anatomy (body is studied system by system) and regional anatomy (body is studied area by area)
a group of structures that have one
or more common functions
system
involves looking at the exterior of the body
to visualize structures deeper inside the body
Surface anatomy
uses radiographs (x-rays), ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and other technologies to create pictures of internal structures
Anatomical imaging
allows medical personnel to look inside the body with amazing accuracy and without the trauma and risk of exploratory surgery
Anatomical imaging
became the first medical scientist to use x-rays to see inside the body.
Wilhelm Roentgen (1895)
Why are the rays called as x-rays?
because no one knew what they were
physical characteristics that differ from the
normal pattern (ex. having two blood vessels supplying the kidney, “blue baby” syndrome)
Anatomical Anomalies
the scientific investigation of the processes or
functions of living things.
Physiology
goals when studying human
physiology
understand and predict the body’s responses to
stimuli and to understand how the body maintains conditions within
a narrow range of values in a constantly changing environment.
Levels of physiology (2)
Cell physiology, systemic physiology
examines the processes occurring in cells
Cell physiology
considers the functions of organ systems
systemic physiology
usual approach when examining physiology
systemic (a particular function can involve portions of a system in more than
one region)
the medical science
dealing with all aspects of disease
Pathology