Chapter 3 Biology and Behavior Flashcards
What are the two basic Units of the nervous system?
- central nervous system
- peripheral nervous system
What does the central nervous system consist of
The brain and spinal cord
What does the peripheral nervous system consist of
All servers that are not part of the central nervous system.
1. somatic nervous system( voluntary movement)
2. Autonomic nervous system ( Involuntary movement), for example, heartbeat
What are the basic units of the Nervous system?
Neuron cells
What are the functions of Neurons
to receive, integrate, and transmit information to and from our brains.
What are the two types of Neurons
- Sensory neurons
- Motor Neurons
e.g., think about how the two neurons coordinate to help you write with a pen.
What are sensory neurons
they are neurons that detect info from the physical world to our brain
What are somatosensory
They are nerve cells in our skin and muscles that provide info to our brain
Motor Neurons
they are neurons that control the contraction and relaxation of our muscles.
what are the four components involved in communication for a typical neuron
- Dendrites
- cell body
- Axon
- Terminal Button
Which part of neuron receive chemical signal from other neurons
- dendrites
Which part of the neuron integrates the received chemical signal
- Cell Body
Which part of the neuron transmits the received chemical signal in the form of a circuit
- Axon
which part of the neuron releases a chemical signal to another neuron
- Terminal buttons
What is the gap called between one neuron’s dendrites and another terminal button? (the site where communication occur between 2 neurons)
synapse
What is the outer surface of a neuron made up of?
fatty barrier that is semi-permeable
What is the action potential
is literally the electrical signal that passes along the axon.
What does Neural communication depend on?
it depends on the neuron’s ability to respond to stimulation.
What is the electrical charge of a neuron when it’s not active and what is it called
-70mv Resting membrane poteintial.
Why is there a difference in electrical charge
The ratio of negative to positive ions is more excellent inside the cell than it’s outside.
When a neuron has more negatives inside than outside it’s called
polarized
What are the two ions that contribute to a membrane’s resting potential?
sodium and potassium
How is the flow of ions controlled inside a cell?
Through a gating mechanism.
Another mechanism that contributes to polarization is called
The Sodium potassium pump.