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Vascular Board > Chapter 3 Arterial Testing (signs, symtoms, disease mechanisms) > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Arterial Testing (signs, symtoms, disease mechanisms) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 types of chronic occlusive disease

A

1) claudication
2) ischemic rest pain
3) tissue loss

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2
Q

What type of chronic occlusive disease results when there is pain in muscles usually occurring during exercise subsidding with rest

A

Claudication

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3
Q

This type of chronic occlusive disease results from inadequate blood supply to muscle

A

Claudication

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4
Q

Pseudo-claudication mimics _______ symptoms but is neurogenic or orthopedic in origin

A

Vascular

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5
Q

This type of chronic occlusive disease is a more severe symptom of diminished blood flow and occurs when a limb is not dependent

A

Ischemic rest pain

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6
Q

What type of chronic occlusive disease results from necrosis or death of tissue and is due to deficient or absent blood supply

A

Tissue loss

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7
Q

Name the 6 P’s of acute arterial occlusion

A

1) pain
2) pallor
3) pulselessness
4) paraesthesia
5) paralysis
6) polar (cold)

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8
Q

What type of occlusion is an emergency situation since the abrupt onset does not provide for the development of collateral channels

A

Acute arterial occlusion

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9
Q

What type of occlusion may result from thrombus, embolism, or trauma

A

Acute arterial occlusion

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10
Q

A condition that exists when symptoms of intermittent digital ischemia occur in response to cold exposure or emotional stress

A

Raynaud’s phenomenon

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11
Q

What color is pallor

A

White

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12
Q

What color is cyanosis

A

Blue

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13
Q

What color is rubor

A

Dark red

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14
Q

Ischemia due to digital arterial spasms, common in young women that may be hereditary describes what vasospastic disorder

A

Primary Raynauds

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15
Q

What is another name for secondary raynauds

A

Obstructive raynauds syndrome

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16
Q

Secondary Raynauds may be the first manisfestation of ________ disease

A

Buergers

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17
Q

________ result of deficient blood supply; skin pale

A

Pallor

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18
Q

________ suggests dilated vessels or vessels dilated secondary to reactive hyperemia; skin is reddened

A

Rubor

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19
Q

_________ is a concentration of deoxygenated hemoglobin causing a bluish discoloration

A

Cyanosis

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20
Q

Name 5 arteries that are palpable pulses

A

1) aorta
2) femoral
3) popliteal
4) DPA
5) PTA

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21
Q

What artery is not palpable

A

Peroneal

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22
Q

What’s another name for auscultation

A

Bruits

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23
Q

Elevated plasma lipids closely associated with development of atherosclerosis describes

A

Hyperlipidemia

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24
Q

What is another name for atherosclerosis

A

Obliterans

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25
Q

Thickening, hardening and loss of elasticity of the artery walls describes

A

Atherosclerosis

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26
Q

In atherosclerosis changes occur in what 2 layers of the vessel

A

intima and media

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27
Q

Smoking, hyperlipidemia and family history are major risk factors for

A

Atherosclerosis

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28
Q

What is caused by obstruction of the aorta usually occurring in males

A

Leriche syndrome

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29
Q

Obstruction of a vessel by a foreign substance or blood clot describes a

A

Embolism

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30
Q

Blue toe syndrome is an example of

A

Embolism

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31
Q

Small plaque breaking loose and traveling distally until it lodges in a small vessel is the most frequent cause of an

A

Embolism

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32
Q

What type of aneurysm is a dilatation of all 3 arterial wall layers

A

True aneurysm

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33
Q

Name the 2 types of true aneurysms

A

1) fusiform
2) saccular

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34
Q

Diffuse circumferential dilatation describes what type of aneurysm

A

Fusiform

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35
Q

A localized out pouching describes what type of aneurysm

A

Saccular

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36
Q

This type of aneurysm occurs when a small tear of the the inner wall allows blood to form a cavity between 2 wall layers

A

Dissecting

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37
Q

Where does a dissecting aneurysm often occur

A

Thoracic aorta

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38
Q

This type of aneurysm results for me a defect in the main artery wall

A

Pseudo-aneurysm

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39
Q

The most common location of a true aneurysm is

A

infrarenal aorta

40
Q

What is another name for Buergers disease

A

Thromboangitis obliterans

41
Q

What is a congenital narrowing or structure of the thoracic aorta called

A

Coarctation of the aorta

42
Q

A thin membrane dividing the arterial lumen into 2 compartments describes a

A

Dissection

43
Q

In a dissection what part of the arterial wall is weakened

A) intima
B) media
C) adventitia

A

B) media

44
Q

_______ claudication results from inadequate blood supply to the exercising muscle

A

True

45
Q

What are the 4 causes of true claudication

A

1) arterial spasms
2) atherosclerosis
3) arteriosclerosis
4) occlusion

46
Q

What is another name for pseudo false claudication

A

Musculoskeletal

47
Q

Buttock claudication strongly suggests what type of disease

A

Aorto iliac

48
Q

In buttock claudication if symptoms are unilateral this suggests what type of disease

A

Iliofemoral

49
Q

Thigh claudication suggests what type of disease

A

External iliac/common femoral

50
Q

Calf claudication suggests what type of disease

A

Femoral/ popliteal disease

51
Q

Where do 3 symptoms occur during ischemic rest pain

A

1) forefoot
2) heel
3) toes

52
Q

What part of the body does ischemic rest pain not in

A

Calf

53
Q

_________ is the most severe symptom of arterial insufficiency

A

Necrosis

54
Q

Name the 4 risk factors and contributing diseases

A

1) diabetes
2) hypertension
3) hyperlipidemia
4) smoking

55
Q

Atherosclerosis most commonly occurs where

A

At the carotid bifurcation

56
Q

________ ________ syndrome may be caused by ulcerated and/or atherosclerotic lesion: and embolization

A

Blue toe

57
Q

What are the 2 main complications of an aneurysm

A

1) rupture of aortic aneurysm
2) distal embolization of peripheral aneurysm

58
Q

__________ is not generally considered to be a causative factor for a dissecting aneurysm

A

Atherosclerosis

59
Q

A __________ is essentially a pulsating hematoma

A

Pseudo aneurysm

60
Q

To be considered a _____________there must be a communication from the main artery to the pulsatile structure in the tissue

A

Pseudo aneurysm

61
Q

What are the 3 types of arteritis

A

1) Takayasu
2) temporal
3) poly arteritis

62
Q

What is the most common form of arteritis

A

Buergers disease

63
Q

What is another name for Buegers disease

A

Thromboangiitis obliterans

64
Q

___________ __________ is a secondary result of Buergers disease

A

Superficial thrombophlebitis

65
Q

Buergers disease is most often associated with collagen vascular syndromes such as ________ arthritis and _______

A

Rheumatoid arthritis and lupus

66
Q

What disease is associated with heavy smoking, occurring in men younger than 40 and presents with occlusions of the distal arteries

A

Buergers disease

67
Q

2 clinical findings of coarctation of the aorta include

A

1) hypertension due to decreased kidney perfusion
2) manifestations of lower extremity ischemia

68
Q

What are 2 other names for primary Raynaud’s phenomenon

A

1) Raynaud’s disease
2) spastic Raynauds syndrome

69
Q

Primary Raynauds syndrome is common in young _______ and may be ________

A

Young women
Hereditary

70
Q

What are 2 other names for secondary Raynauds

A

1) secondary Raynaud’s phenomenon
2) obstructive raynaud syndrome

71
Q

What is the most written about entrapment syndrome

A

Entrapment of the popliteal artery

72
Q

Entrapment of the popliteal artery is caused by compression of the _______ artery by the _______ head of the ________ muscle

A

Compression of the pop artery by the medial head of the gastrocnemius muscle

73
Q

_______ is a result of deficient blood supply

A

Parlor

74
Q

______ suggests damaged dilated vessels or vessels dilated as a result of reactive hyperemia or infection

A

Rubor

75
Q

__________ occurs when there is a concentration of deoxygenated hemoglobin

A

Cyanosis

76
Q

Livedo reticularis is what color

A

Purple

77
Q

__________ __________ is on the skin of the dorsum of the foot and is usually the result of dilated capillary and venule filling

A

Livedo reticularis

78
Q

__________ as a result of arterial insufficiency are deep and regular in shape

A

Ulcerations

79
Q

Where are ulcerations usually located

A

Over the tibial area

80
Q

_________ is death of a tissue

A

Gangrene

81
Q

________ is caused by deficient or absent blood supply

A

Gangrene

82
Q

Loss of hair on the extremity may reflect a poor _______ state caused by decreased ________

A

Poor nutritional state by decreased circulation

83
Q

An _______ in capillary refill time denoted a ______ in arterial perfusion

A

Increase
Decrease

84
Q

A diminished or absent pulse suggests _______ _________

A

Arterial insufficiency

85
Q

A 0 grading pulse means

A

None

86
Q

A 1+ grading pulse means

A

Weak

87
Q

A 2+ grading pulse means

A

Good

88
Q

A 3 + grading pulse means

A

Strong

89
Q

A 4+ grading pulse means

A

Bounding

90
Q

What artery can’t be palpated

A

Peroneal

91
Q

_______ are abnormal low frequency sounds heard on auscultation

A

Bruits

92
Q

Bruits are caused by significant stenosis that sets up a vibratory response in the tissue _______ to the stenosis

A

Distal

93
Q

A 1+ bruit indicates

A

Mild

94
Q

A 2 + bruit indicates

A

Moderate

95
Q

A 3 + bruit indicates

A

Severe

96
Q

A bruit that extends throughout diastole is sometimes referred to as

A

Pandiastolic

97
Q

A bruit that extends throughout diastole is usually associated with more severe _______ _______

A

Arterial disease

Vascular Board (29 decks)

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