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Biology > Chapter 29 > Flashcards

Chapter 29 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the three basic types of cells?

A

Parenchyma
Collenchyma
Sclerenchyma

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2
Q

What are parenchymal cell adapted for?

A

Storing water and nutrients.

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3
Q

What are collenchyma cells adapted for?

A

Elasticity.

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4
Q

What are sclerenchyma cells adapted for?

A

Rigidity.

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5
Q

Plant tissues are arranged in what three systems?

A

Dermal (outer covering)
Ground (serves a role in storage, metabolism and support)
Vascular (Xylem and phloem)

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6
Q

What major organ does dermal, ground and vascular tissue make up?

A

Roots
Stems
Leaves

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7
Q

What are roots used for?

A

Water and nutrient absorption, store starch, and anchor the plant to the ground.

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8
Q

What are stems used for?

A

Water and nutrient transportation.

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9
Q

What are leaves used for in plants?

A

Produces food by photosynthesis and is where gas exchange happen.

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10
Q

What part of a leaf does gas exchange?

A

The stomata.

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11
Q

Outer covering of leaves has a waxy cuticle that ______.

A

Prevents water loss.
This cuticle prevents gas exchange from happening which is dangerous for the plant. (Can only be done in stomata)

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12
Q

Roots have hairlike extensions which increase the _____ for water and nutrient absorption.

A

Surface area to volume ratio.

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13
Q

How does sap flow in the xylem?

A

One way flow (upward)

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14
Q

How does sap flow in the phloem?

A

Two way flow.

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15
Q

What are the regions of cells that continuously divide called?

A

Meristems.
Which are responsible for plant growth.

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16
Q

What are the three types of meristems?

A

1) Apical meristem.
2) Intercalary meristem
3) Lateral meristem.
SLIDE 13 TABLE 29-2

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17
Q

What is primary growth and what meristem produces it?

A

Growth in length, produced by apical and intercalary meristems.

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18
Q

What is secondary growth and what meristem produces it?

A

Growth in diameter, produced by lateral meristem.

19
Q

What are the three types of roots?

A

Tap roots
Fibrous roots
Adventitious roots

20
Q

How does tap root grow? and give an example.

A

Grows vertically down
EX) Carrots

21
Q

How do fibrous roots grow? and give an example.

A

Branches grow from the base of the stem.
EX) grass

22
Q

How do adventitious roots grow? And give an example.

A

Growing from unusual places such as the leaves or stem of a plant.
EX) Corn

23
Q

What is the purpose of a root cap?

A

Provides lubrication and protection for root tips.

24
Q

What are the different types of stems?

A

1) Stolons
2) Tubers
3) Fleshy stems

25
Q

How do stolon stems grow? And give an example.

A

Above ground but horizontally
EX) Strawberries.

26
Q

How do tuber stems grow? And give an example.

A

Underground, and store starch.
EX) Potatoes

27
Q

What do fleshy stems do? And give an example.

A

Stores water.
EX) Cacti

28
Q

FIGURE 29-12

A
29
Q

What two phenomenas allow water transportation?

A

Transpiration and cohesion-tension theory.

30
Q

Explain the transpiration phenomena.

A

When gas is exchanged water evaporates, which pulls water from the lower parts upward.

31
Q

Explain the cohesion-tension theory phenomena.

A

Water moves due to their attraction to each other.

32
Q

What is the difference between cohesion and adhesion?

A

Cohesion is the attraction of water molecules to each other.
Adhesion is the attraction of water molecules to surfaces.

33
Q

What can catalyze transpiration?

A

Higher temperatures.

34
Q

What are three types of leaves?

A

1) Tendril leaves
2) Tubular leaves
3) spines

35
Q

What are tendril leaves?

A

Whiplike leaves that wrap around other objects for support.

36
Q

What are tubular leaves?

A

Tubelike leaves that consume small organisms.

37
Q

What are spines (leaves)

A

Leaves that are protection against predators and better for less water loss.

38
Q

What are the three different leaf structures?

A

Simple leaf
Compound leaf
Double compound leaves

39
Q

What is the mesophyll?

A

Ground tissue made of parenchymal cells that are rich in chloroplast.

40
Q

What are the types of mesophyll?

A

Palisade mesophyll and spongy mesophyll.

41
Q

What is palisade mesophyll?

A

A mesophyll that is tightly packed for photosynthesis efficiency.

42
Q

What is spongy mesophyll?

A

Has large gaps so that all gases can pass through.

43
Q

How are desert plants able to photosynthesize?

A

They have less chloroplast. (Limits photosynthesis)

More coatings of hair to reduce exposure to sunlight. (Limits photosynthesis)

44
Q

Why do desert plants need to limit photosynthesis?

A

Because photosynthesis requires water.

Biology (11 decks)

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