Chapter 29 Flashcards
What are the three basic types of cells?
Parenchyma
Collenchyma
Sclerenchyma
What are parenchymal cell adapted for?
Storing water and nutrients.
What are collenchyma cells adapted for?
Elasticity.
What are sclerenchyma cells adapted for?
Rigidity.
Plant tissues are arranged in what three systems?
Dermal (outer covering)
Ground (serves a role in storage, metabolism and support)
Vascular (Xylem and phloem)
What major organ does dermal, ground and vascular tissue make up?
Roots
Stems
Leaves
What are roots used for?
Water and nutrient absorption, store starch, and anchor the plant to the ground.
What are stems used for?
Water and nutrient transportation.
What are leaves used for in plants?
Produces food by photosynthesis and is where gas exchange happen.
What part of a leaf does gas exchange?
The stomata.
Outer covering of leaves has a waxy cuticle that ______.
Prevents water loss.
This cuticle prevents gas exchange from happening which is dangerous for the plant. (Can only be done in stomata)
Roots have hairlike extensions which increase the _____ for water and nutrient absorption.
Surface area to volume ratio.
How does sap flow in the xylem?
One way flow (upward)
How does sap flow in the phloem?
Two way flow.
What are the regions of cells that continuously divide called?
Meristems.
Which are responsible for plant growth.
What are the three types of meristems?
1) Apical meristem.
2) Intercalary meristem
3) Lateral meristem.
SLIDE 13 TABLE 29-2
What is primary growth and what meristem produces it?
Growth in length, produced by apical and intercalary meristems.
What is secondary growth and what meristem produces it?
Growth in diameter, produced by lateral meristem.
What are the three types of roots?
Tap roots
Fibrous roots
Adventitious roots
How does tap root grow? and give an example.
Grows vertically down
EX) Carrots
How do fibrous roots grow? and give an example.
Branches grow from the base of the stem.
EX) grass
How do adventitious roots grow? And give an example.
Growing from unusual places such as the leaves or stem of a plant.
EX) Corn
What is the purpose of a root cap?
Provides lubrication and protection for root tips.
What are the different types of stems?
1) Stolons
2) Tubers
3) Fleshy stems
How do stolon stems grow? And give an example.
Above ground but horizontally
EX) Strawberries.
How do tuber stems grow? And give an example.
Underground, and store starch.
EX) Potatoes
What do fleshy stems do? And give an example.
Stores water.
EX) Cacti
FIGURE 29-12
What two phenomenas allow water transportation?
Transpiration and cohesion-tension theory.
Explain the transpiration phenomena.
When gas is exchanged water evaporates, which pulls water from the lower parts upward.
Explain the cohesion-tension theory phenomena.
Water moves due to their attraction to each other.
What is the difference between cohesion and adhesion?
Cohesion is the attraction of water molecules to each other.
Adhesion is the attraction of water molecules to surfaces.
What can catalyze transpiration?
Higher temperatures.
What are three types of leaves?
1) Tendril leaves
2) Tubular leaves
3) spines
What are tendril leaves?
Whiplike leaves that wrap around other objects for support.
What are tubular leaves?
Tubelike leaves that consume small organisms.
What are spines (leaves)
Leaves that are protection against predators and better for less water loss.
What are the three different leaf structures?
Simple leaf
Compound leaf
Double compound leaves
What is the mesophyll?
Ground tissue made of parenchymal cells that are rich in chloroplast.
What are the types of mesophyll?
Palisade mesophyll and spongy mesophyll.
What is palisade mesophyll?
A mesophyll that is tightly packed for photosynthesis efficiency.
What is spongy mesophyll?
Has large gaps so that all gases can pass through.
How are desert plants able to photosynthesize?
They have less chloroplast. (Limits photosynthesis)
More coatings of hair to reduce exposure to sunlight. (Limits photosynthesis)
Why do desert plants need to limit photosynthesis?
Because photosynthesis requires water.
