Chapter 29 Flashcards
Charophytes:
green algae that is the closest relative to plants
Charophytes and plants share 3 characteristics:
- Chloroplasts with chlorophyll a and b
- Ring of cellulose-synthesizing proteins
- Structure of flagellated sperm
Adaptation that plants made to move to land:
Sporopollenin = durable polymer that covers the zygotes and prevent them from drying out
Why move to land?
Access to uninterrupted sunlight, nutrients in soil, no herbivores at the time, more space
Gametophyte:
generation that is haploid and produces haploid gametes through mitosis
Sporophyte:
generation that is diploid and produces haploid gametes by mitosis
Embryophytes:
multicellular, dependent embryos
Derived traits of plants: (4)
- Alternation of generations
- Walled Spores- produced in sporangia
- Multicellular gametangia
- Apical meristems
What is the female gametangia?
Archegonia (that produce eggs)
What is the male gametangia?
Antheridia (that produce sperm)
What do apical meristems do?
They are at the roots or at the end of shoots and are the area where cells are dividing and causing the plant to grow.
Bryophytes: (3)
Non-vascular plants, not a clade, small herbaceous plants with no true stems/roots
Three Phyla of Bryophytes
- Phylum Hepatophyte
- Phylum Bryophyta
- Phylum Anthocerophyta
3 groups of Bryophytes:
- Liverworts
- Mosses
- Hornwarts
Vascular seedless plants dominant growth form is…
… sporophyte
Characteristics of vascular seedless plants:
- Vascular tissue
- true roots
- leaves
- spore bearing leaves called sporophylls
Vascular tissue contains: (2)
- Xylem: conducts water and minerals
- Pholem: distributes sugars, amino acids, and other organic products
2 clades of vascular seedless plants:
- Phylum Lycophyte- club mosses
- Phylum Monilophyta- ferns, horsetails
PROCESS OF ALTERNATION OF GENERATIONS
- 2 haploid (n) gametes fertilize
- They become a diploid (2n) zygote
- The zygote (2n) goes through mitosis
- The sporophyte grows then when mature goes through meiosis
- Meiosis produces spores (n) that then turn into gametophytes through mitosis
- Gametophytes (n) undergo mitosis and produce GAMETES (n)
Sporangia:
multicellular organs that produce spores
Spores:
Haploid cells that can develop haploid organisms.
Cuticle:
Covers the epidermis and consists of wax and other polymers. “Waterproofing”
Bryophytes are ____ dominant.
Gametophyte
