Chapter 29

Question 1

Charophytes:

Answer 1

green algae that is the closest relative to plants

Question 2

Charophytes and plants share 3 characteristics:

Answer 2

1. Chloroplasts with chlorophyll a and b
2. Ring of cellulose-synthesizing proteins
3. Structure of flagellated sperm

Question 3

Adaptation that plants made to move to land:

Answer 3

Sporopollenin = durable polymer that covers the zygotes and prevent them from drying out

Question 4

Why move to land?

Answer 4

Access to uninterrupted sunlight, nutrients in soil, no herbivores at the time, more space

Question 5

Gametophyte:

Answer 5

generation that is haploid and produces haploid gametes through mitosis

Question 6

Sporophyte:

Answer 6

generation that is diploid and produces haploid gametes by mitosis

Question 7

Embryophytes:

Answer 7

multicellular, dependent embryos

Question 8

Derived traits of plants: (4)

Answer 8

1. Alternation of generations
2. Walled Spores- produced in sporangia
3. Multicellular gametangia
4. Apical meristems

Question 9

What is the female gametangia?

Answer 9

Archegonia (that produce eggs)

Question 10

What is the male gametangia?

Answer 10

Antheridia (that produce sperm)

Question 11

What do apical meristems do?

Answer 11

They are at the roots or at the end of shoots and are the area where cells are dividing and causing the plant to grow.

Question 12

Bryophytes: (3)

Answer 12

Non-vascular plants, not a clade, small herbaceous plants with no true stems/roots

Question 13

Three Phyla of Bryophytes

Answer 13

1. Phylum Hepatophyte
2. Phylum Bryophyta
3. Phylum Anthocerophyta

Question 14

3 groups of Bryophytes:

Answer 14

1. Liverworts
2. Mosses
3. Hornwarts

Question 15

Vascular seedless plants dominant growth form is…

Answer 15

… sporophyte

Question 16

Characteristics of vascular seedless plants:

Answer 16

• Vascular tissue
• true roots
• leaves
• spore bearing leaves called sporophylls

Question 17

Vascular tissue contains: (2)

Answer 17

• Xylem: conducts water and minerals
• Pholem: distributes sugars, amino acids, and other organic products

Question 18

2 clades of vascular seedless plants:

Answer 18

1. Phylum Lycophyte- club mosses
2. Phylum Monilophyta- ferns, horsetails

Question 19

PROCESS OF ALTERNATION OF GENERATIONS

Answer 19

1. 2 haploid (n) gametes fertilize
2. They become a diploid (2n) zygote
3. The zygote (2n) goes through mitosis
4. The sporophyte grows then when mature goes through meiosis
5. Meiosis produces spores (n) that then turn into gametophytes through mitosis
6. Gametophytes (n) undergo mitosis and produce GAMETES (n)

Question 20

Sporangia:

Answer 20

multicellular organs that produce spores

Question 21

Spores:

Answer 21

Haploid cells that can develop haploid organisms.

Question 22

Cuticle:

Answer 22

Covers the epidermis and consists of wax and other polymers. “Waterproofing”

Question 23

Bryophytes are ____ dominant.

Answer 23

Gametophyte