Chapter 28: Cancer

Question 1

Cancer is the __ leading cause of death in persons aged 65 or older.

Answer 1

second

Question 2

Most dramatic incidence/prevalence of cancer increases in ___ ___.

Answer 2

increases in older age

Question 3

3 roles of the Gero nurse:

Answer 3

Prevention
Diagnosis
Treatment

Question 4

The nurse should encourage ___, such as breast exams, etc for prevention.

Answer 4

screening

Question 5

Cancer can cause an increased risk of __, __, and __.

Answer 5

complications, disability, and death.

Question 6

Two major theories of the incidence of cancer in older adults:

Answer 6

Biological age-related changes that impair the ability to resist diseases

Prolonged exposure to carcinogens over the years

Question 7

What is the biggest risk factor for cancer?

Answer 7

smoking

Question 8

Many cancers can be prevented by healthy lifestyle practices that minimize risks such as:

Answer 8

• Avoid the use of & exposure to tobacco products
• Limit alcohol consumption
• Limit exposure to the sun
• Eat a diet rich in fiber, fruits, & vegetables
• Maintain weight within an ideal range
• Protect against exposure to known carcinogens

Question 9

If your family has a history of cancer, you should discuss ___ with your doctor.

Answer 9

chemoprevention

Question 10

The use of drugs or other agents to inhibit the development or progression of malignant changes in cells.

Answer 10

Chemoprevention

Question 11

Early detection of cancer can improve ___.

Answer 11

prognosis

Question 12

Plan of treatment depends on the __ __ __.

Answer 12

type of cancer

Question 13

4 types of treatment for cancer:

Answer 13

Surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, & biologic therapy.

Question 14

Those with choleric diseases, chemotherapy can cause permanent damage to ____

Answer 14

organs

Question 15

What is CAM:

Answer 15

Complementary and alternative medicine

Question 16

What are some examples of CAM:

Answer 16

Special diets, psychotherapy, spiritual practices, vitamin supplements, & herbal remedies

Question 17

You don’t want to just treat the disease, but also you want to ___

Answer 17

care for the whole person

Question 18

CAM practitioners offer what 5 things:

Answer 18

Relationship-centered care
Support
Healing partnerships
Comfort
Hope

Question 19

When providing patient education to an older adult with cancer you should focus on what 3 points?

Answer 19

• increase awareness of measures that can prevent cancer
• understanding of warning signs of cancer
• self-examination instruction

Question 20

C in caution:

Answer 20

Change in bowel or bladder habits

Question 21

A in caution:

Answer 21

A sore that does not heal

Question 22

U in caution:

Answer 22

Unusual bleeding or drainage

Question 23

T in caution:

Answer 23

Thickening or lump in the breast or elsewhere

Question 24

I in caution:

Answer 24

Indigestion or swallowing difficulty

Question 25

O in caution:

Answer 25

Obvious change in a wart or mole

Question 26

N in caution:

Answer 26

Nagging persistent cough or hoarseness

Question 27

If you have any of the symptoms on the CAUTiON mnemonic, then that is _____.

Answer 27

concerning for cancer.

Question 28

When promoting optimum care for the older adult with cancer you want to focus on what 4 things?

Answer 28

• choice of treatment facility
• clinical trials through the Nation Cancer Institute (NCI)
• care after radiation and chemotherapy
• knowledge of common age-related risk factors

Question 29

Nurses also want to prevent __ and improve __ __ __.

Answer 29

complications

quality of life

Question 30

Nurses need to be knowledgeable about certain types of ___.

Answer 30

cancer

Question 31

Assure patients that pain can be managed by:

Answer 31

Regularly assessing for pain & developing plans for prevention/management

Question 32

When you’re supporting patients and families with cancer, you may provide support because of:
(4)

Answer 32

• diagnosis may be overwhelming
• fear
• cost of treatment
• change in future plans and pursuits

Question 33

When you are assessing patient & family understandings, you want to clarify __ and offer __.

Answer 33

misconceptions

explanations

Question 34

You always want to allow expression of ___.

Answer 34

feelings