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Fundamentals 2 > ** Chapter 18: Respiration > Flashcards

** Chapter 18: Respiration Flashcards

1
Q

Condition in which there is permanent abnormal widening of the airways due to inflammation

A

Bronchiectasis

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2
Q

Group of diseases including asthma, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema (most common cause is smoking)

A

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

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3
Q

Lungs’ ability to expand and contract

A

Elastic Recoil

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4
Q

Curvature of spine

A

Kyphosis

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5
Q

Maximum volume that lungs can expand during fullest inspiration

A

Total Lung Capacity:

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6
Q

Maximum amount of air that can be expelled after fullest inhalation.

A

Vital Capacity

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7
Q

Respiratory health vital for __, __, and __ active life.

A

physically, mentally, and socially

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8
Q

Lifetime of insults to __ __ takes its toll during older age.

A

respiratory system

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9
Q

Respiratory diseases leading to cause of disability is the __ leading cause of death.

A

fourth

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10
Q

Respiratory problems develop ___ and difficult to ___.

A

easily

manage

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11
Q

Changes occur in __, __, and ___.

A

upper airway paths, nose, and trachea

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12
Q

Changes in the Nose include:

A

Connective tissue changes & thicker hair in nostrils

-May be harder to clear their nose

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13
Q

Changes in the Nasopharynx include:

A

Reduced secretions & thicker mucous (harder to expel)

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14
Q

Changes in the Trachea include:

A

Trachea stiffens due to calcification of cartilage

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15
Q

In older age, the reduced cough is due to

A

blunting of laryngeal & coughing reflex

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16
Q

___ reflex is also reduced.

A

Gag

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17
Q

The reduction in __ __ and reduced __ can increase your risk for aspiration.

A

gag reflex

cough

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18
Q

Lungs reduce in __ and __

A

size & weight

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19
Q

Their is decreased elastic recoil due to ______

A

less elastic collagen & elastin

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20
Q

The alveoli become __ __.

A

less elastic

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21
Q

The alveoli can contain fewer ___ ___, which makes the blood not flow that well.

A

functional capillaries

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22
Q

There is a ___ in vital capacity and an __ in residual volume.

A

reduction

increase

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23
Q

The reduction in vital capacity and the increase in residual volume leads to:

A

Less air exchange & more air & secretions remaining in lung tissue

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24
Q

Loose or brittle __ can be aspirated.

A

teeth

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25
Q

Brittle teeth can predispose someone to getting __ __.

A

respiratory infections

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26
Q

The mucous membranes get ___.

A

drier

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27
Q

The change in mucous membranes hinders the removal of ___, which can lead to _____

A

mucous

infection and mucous plugs

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28
Q

__ and ___ vaccines are important.

A

Influenza & Pneumonia

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29
Q

Influenza & Pneumonia vaccines should be given at age ___. If they are given before this age, then you are advised to ____.

A

65

take a second one.

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30
Q

___ is a major threat to respiratory health.

A

Immobility

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31
Q

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is higher in ___ and ___

A

women

smokers

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32
Q

COPD is a combination of:

A

Asthma
Chronic bronchitis
Emphysema

33
Q

You can also see COPD in __ __.

A

Lung Cancer

34
Q

__ is a high risk of complications of bronchiectasis or cardiac problems.

A

Asthma

35
Q

___ has high rates of mortality.

A

Asthma

36
Q

Asthma can be developed from chronic __ __ in the older years.

A

acid reflex

37
Q

__ __ causes persistent, productive cough, wheezing, recurrent respiratory infections, and shortness of breath.

A

Chronic bronchitis

38
Q

3 ways to manage Chronic Bronchitis:

A

Remove bronchial secretions
Prevent obstruction of airway
Maintain adequate fluid intake

39
Q

Causes of this disease are: chronic bronchitis, chronic irritation, and morphologic changes in the lung

A

Emphysema

40
Q

___ ___ plays a major role in the development of emphysema.

A

Cigarette smoking

41
Q

Symptoms develop __ in emphysema, which can __ treatment.

A

slowly

delay

42
Q

What are some treatments for emphysema:

4

A

Postural drainage, bronchodilators, avoid stress, and breathing exercises

43
Q

Most lung cancer now occurs in patients older than ___ years.

A

65

44
Q

Lung cancer has a higher incidence in __ than in the other gender.

A

men

45
Q

Incidence for lung cancer in smokers is ___ as likely as nonsmokers!!!!

A

twice

46
Q

Recurrent pneumonia and pulmonary edema can be symptoms of:

A

lung cancer

47
Q

Treatment for lung cancer:

3

A

surgery, chemotherapy, & radiotherapy

48
Q

Causes of lung abscesses:

A

pneumonia, tuberculosis, malignancy, trauma, & aspiration

49
Q

Symptoms of __ __ include: anorexia, weight loss, elevated temperature, & chronic cough

A

lung abscesses

50
Q

Eating will be very challenging for patients with ___ ___, and they might not be able to talk in full sentences because they would use all their breath

A

lung abscesses

51
Q

Treatment for lung abscess:

A

postural drainage; high-protein, high-calorie diet

52
Q

Atypical presentation for respiratory conditions:

2

A

No chest pain

Lower body temperature

53
Q

Sputum characteristics: COPD

A

translucent, grayish white

54
Q

Sputum characteristics: Lung Abscess/Bronchiectasis

A

purulent & foul smelling

55
Q

Sputum characteristics: Left sided heart failure/Pulmonary edema

A

red & frothy

56
Q

List some things to assess to detect respiratory complications:

A

Respiratory rate & volume, depth of inspiration, pulse, blood pressure, temperature, elevated neck veins if they have fluid overload, patency of airway, cough, secretions, & mental status

57
Q

For patients with emphysema or COPD, __ oxygen level stimulates breathing instead of __ carbon dioxide level.

A

low

high

58
Q

For patients with emphysema or COPD, a O2 sat of ___% to ___% is okay.

A

88-92%

59
Q

Carbon dioxide narcosis means:

A

CO2 poisoning

60
Q

What are these symptoms of: Muscle twitching, confusion, visual defects, profuse perspiration, hypotension, cerebral depression (increased sleeping or comatose state), & circulatory failure

A

CO2 poisoning, aka: carbon dioxide narcosis

61
Q

___ blood gas is better than __ blood gas because it has oxygen needed blood in it.’

A

Arterial

venous

62
Q

___ blood gas does not have oxygenated blood.

A

venous

63
Q

What should you look for when ensuring safe oxygen administration?

A
  • assessment of oxygen equipment
  • home oxygen safety (do they know how to put it on? Do they smoke? Do they know not to have flames in the house? etc)
  • evaluate home environment
64
Q

Postural drainage is used to ____

A

remove bronchial secretions

65
Q

Discontinue __ __ technique if dyspnea, palpitations, chest pain, apprehension, or other signs of distress occur

A

postural drainage

66
Q

ALWAYS OFFER ___ and ___ after postural drainage procedure.

A

oral hygiene & rest

67
Q

___ is important in removal of secretions.

A

Coughing

68
Q

Nonproductive coughing is __ and __.

A

useless & stressful

69
Q

What are some measures to promote productive cough:

A
  • Hard candy to increase secretions
  • Breathing exercises
  • Use of humidifier
  • Expectorants
  • Increase fluid intake
70
Q

___ and ____ are essential.

A

Good handwashing & oral hygiene

71
Q

Some ___ affect respiratory health.

A

herbs

72
Q

__ foods open airways.

A

Hot, spicy

73
Q

Avoid ___ foods.

A

mucus-forming (ex: dairy)

74
Q

Some vitamins are beneficial like vitamin ___

A

C

75
Q

What are some examples of complementary therapies:

A

Acupuncture, acupressure, yoga, Rolfing, & massage

76
Q

When checking proper use and operation of ventilators, pay attention to the __, __, and ___ needs of ventilator-dependent

A

physical, emotional, & social

77
Q

Respiratory problems are __ and produce ___.

A

frightening

anxiety

78
Q

Patients need ___ to meet demands of chronic diseases.

A

encouragement

Fundamentals 2 (16 decks)

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