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Fundamentals 2 > Chapter 22: Reproductive System Health > Flashcards

Chapter 22: Reproductive System Health Flashcards

1
Q

Nonmalignant enlargement of the prostate gland that commonly occurs with age

A

Benign prostatic hyperplasia

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2
Q

Painful intercourse

A

Dyspareunia

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3
Q

Impotence problems in achieving or sustaining an erection for intercourse

A

Erectile dysfunction

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4
Q

Hormonal changes cause the vulva to __.

A

atrophy

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5
Q

There is a ___ of the labia and loss of subcutaneous fat and hair.

A

flattening

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6
Q

The vaginal epithelium becomes ___.

A

thin

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7
Q

The vaginal environment is __ and more __; these changes can cause intercourse to be uncomfortable for older women.

A

drier and more alkaline

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8
Q

What other 4 body parts atrophy?

A

cervix, uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries

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9
Q

T/F: The endometrium continues to respond to hormonal stimulation.

A

True

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10
Q

The fallopian tubes undergo __ and __.

A

shortening and straightening.

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11
Q

The breasts sag and are less firm with age due to the replacement of __ __ by fat tissue after menopause.

A

mammary glands

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12
Q

Structural changes in the seminiferous tubules include:

A

increased fibrosis, thinning of the epithelium, thickening of the basement membrane, and narrowing of the lumen.

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13
Q

There is __ of the testes and a ___ in the testicular mass.

A

atrophy

reduction

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14
Q

Does testosterone decrease dramatically due to age?

A

No it stays the same or decreases slightly

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15
Q

An annual gynecologic examination, including a __ __, is essential for the older woman

A

Pap smear

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16
Q

Women should be knowledgeable about self-examination of the ___

A

breasts

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17
Q

Men with prostatic hypertrophy should be examined at least every __ months to ensure that a malignancy has not developed

A

6

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18
Q

T/F: Routine prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing in men with no history of prostate cancer is recommended.

A

False.

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19
Q

The nurse should also ensure that older men know how to perform ___

A

testicular self-examination.

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20
Q

T/F: PSA testing is done routinely only when there is a history of prostate cancer, not prostate discharge.

A

True

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21
Q

Age-related changes to the vulva cause it to be more __ and more easily susceptible to __ and ___.

A

fragile

irritation and infection

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22
Q

Vulvar problems in the older woman may reflect serious disease processes such as:

A

diabetes, hepatitis, leukemia, and pernicious anemia.

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23
Q

__ __ is the term used to describe vulvar infection associated with hypertrophy or atrophy.

A

Senile vulvitis

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24
Q

Incontinence and poor hygienic practices can also be underlying causes of __.

A

vulvitis

25
Q

__ is the primary symptom associated with vulvitis

A

Pruritus

26
Q

The __ is commonly the site of a vulvar malignancy

A

clitoris

27
Q

The postmenopausal woman experiences a variety of changes that affect the vaginal canal, including:

A
  • reduction in collagen and adipose tissue
  • shortening and narrowing of the vaginal canal
  • decreased elasticity
  • fewer vaginal secretions
  • a more alkaline vaginal pH as a result of lower estrogen levels.
28
Q

The increased fragility of the fragile vagina in postmenopausal women increases the risk for ___

A

vaginitis

29
Q

Soreness, pruritus, burning, and a reddened vagina are symptoms, and the accompanying foul-smelling vaginal discharge is clear, brown, or white.

A

Vaginitis

30
Q

How do you treat senile vaginitis?

A

Local estrogens in suppository or cream form are usually effective.

31
Q

Nurses should advise the older woman to:

in regards to preventing vaginitis

A
  • avoid douches and the use of perfumed soaps and sprays to the genitalia
  • wear cotton underwear
  • keep the genital area clean and dry
  • use lubricants when engaging in intercourse.
  • Good hygienic practices help treat and prevent vaginitis.
32
Q

Occasionally, the endocervical glands can seal over, causing the formation of __ __.

A

nabothian cysts

33
Q

With age, the cervix becomes __, and the endocervical epithelium ___

A

smaller

atrophies

34
Q

The median age for diagnosis of cervical cancer is __ , with the highest rate for this disease being among __ women, and followed by __ women

A

49
Hispanic
Black

35
Q

Vaginal bleeding and leukorrhea are signs of __ __ in aged women.

A

cervical cancer

36
Q

Cancer of the endometrium primarily affects __ __.

A

older women

37
Q

Dilation and curettage are usually done to confirm this diagnosis because not all cases can be detected by Pap smears alone.

A

Cancer of the Endometrium

38
Q

This is the leading cause of death from gynecologic malignancies.

A

cancer of the ovaries

39
Q

___ ovarian tumors commonly occur in older women

A

Benign

40
Q

___ women experience dyspareunia more frequently than women who have had children do.

A

Nulliparous

41
Q

As a result of the stretching and tearing of muscles during childbirth and of the muscle weakness associated with advanced age, __ __ is a common problem among older women.

A

perineal herniation

42
Q

3 types of perineal herniation that are most likely to occur:

A

Cystocele, rectocele, and prolapse of the uterus

43
Q

Associated with this problem are lower back pain, pelvic heaviness, and a pulling sensation

A

Perineal herniation

44
Q

Decreased fat tissue and atrophy in older women’s breasts can cause __.

A

tumors

45
Q

Breast cancer is the __ leading cause of cancer deaths.

A

2nd

46
Q

Annual mammograms are recommended for women starting at age __, and then at age __, every __ to __ years unless otherwise recommended by a health care provider.

A

40
75
2 to 3 years

47
Q

T/F: Although the incidence of breast cancer rises with age, older women are the least likely group to receive mammograms and breast examinations by a professional or to perform self-examinations of their breasts.

A

True

48
Q

Erectile Dysfunction is a problem affecting nearly half of the men over __ years of age

A

70

49
Q

Symptoms of this problem are: the enlarging prostate puts pressure on the urethra; they begin with hesitancy, decreased force of urinary stream, frequency, and nocturia

A

Benign prostate hyperplasia

50
Q

The most common prostatectomy approach used for older men with prostatism is ___ surgery.

A

transurethral

51
Q

___ is rare and appears as a painless lesion or wartlike growth on the prepuce or glands.

A

Cancer of the penis

52
Q

__ masses, usually benign, can result from conditions such as hydrocele, spermatocele, varicocele, and herni.

A

Scrotal

53
Q

Conditions of the reproductive system can be related to undiagnosed disease processes that require attention, such as __ and __.

A

diabetes and infections.

54
Q

Cancers of the female reproductive tract occur __ frequently with age

A

less

55
Q

Ovarian cancer ___ in incidence with age

A

increases

56
Q

The incidence of breast cancer __ with age

A

increases

57
Q

Occurs when the supportive tissue between a woman’s bladder and vaginal wall weakens and stretches, allowing the bladder to bulge into the vagina

A

Cystocele

58
Q

An area of the wall that separate the vagina and rectum gets weak, and part of the rectum bulges into the vagina.

A

Rectococele

Fundamentals 2 (16 decks)

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